% Encoding: UTF-8


@Article{abramitzky2016cultural,
  Title                    = {Cultural Assimilation During the Age of Mass Migration},
  Author                   = {Abramitzky, Ran and Boustan, Leah Platt and Eriksson, Katherine},
  Journal                  = {NBER Working Paper No. 22381},
  Year                     = {2016},

  Abstract                 = {Using two million census records, we document cultural assimilation during the Age of Mass
Migration, a formative period in US history. Immigrants chose less foreign names for children as
they spent more time in the US, eventually closing half of the gap with natives. Many immigrants
also intermarried and learned English. Name-based assimilation was similar by literacy status,
and faster for immigrants who were more culturally distant from natives. Cultural assimilation
affected the next generation. Within households, brothers with more foreign names completed
fewer years of schooling, faced higher unemployment, earned less and were more likely to marry
foreign-born spouses.}
}

@Article{abramitzky2014nation,
  author    = {Abramitzky, Ran and Boustan, Leah Platt and Eriksson, Katherine},
  title     = {A Nation of Immigrants: Assimilation and Economic Outcomes in the Age of Mass Migration},
  journal   = {Journal of Political Economy},
  year      = {2014},
  volume    = {122},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {467--506},
  abstract  = {During the Age of Mass Migration (1850â€“1913), the United States maintained
an open border, absorbing 30 million {E}uropean immigrants.
Prior cross-sectional work finds that immigrants initially held lowerpaid
occupations than natives but converged over time. In newly assembled
panel data, we show that, in fact, the average immigrant did not
face a substantial occupation-based earnings penalty upon first arrival
and experienced occupational advancement at the same rate as natives.
Cross-sectional patterns are driven by biases from declining arrival cohort
skill level and departures of negatively selected return migrants. We
show that assimilation patterns vary substantially across sending countries
and persist in the second generation.},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press Chicago, IL},
}

@Article{acharya2006proliferation,
  Title                    = {Proliferation and Fragmentation: Transactions Costs and the Value of Aid},
  Author                   = {Acharya, Arnab and De Lima, Ana Teresa Fuzzo and Moore, Mick},
  Journal                  = {The Journal of Development Studies},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {1--21},
  Volume                   = {42},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{adkisson1999voting,
  author    = {Adkisson, Richard V. and Peach, James},
  title     = {Voting for President: Elections Along the US-Mexican Border},
  journal   = {Journal of Borderlands Studies},
  year      = {1999},
  volume    = {14},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {67-79},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
}

@Article{akerlof2000economics,
  author    = {Akerlof, George A. and Kranton, Rachel E.},
  title     = {Economics and Identity},
  journal   = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  year      = {2000},
  volume    = {115},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {715-753},
  abstract  = {This paper considers how identity, a personals sense of self, affects economic
outcomes.We incorporate the psychology and sociology of identity into an economic
model of behavior. In the utility function we propose, identity is associated with
different social categories and how people in these categories should behave. We
then construct a simple game-theoretic model showing how identity can affect
individual interactions. The paper adapts these models to gender discrimination in
the workplace, the economics of poverty and social exclusion, and the household
division of labor. In each case, the inclusion of identity substantively changes
conclusions of previous economic analysis.},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
}

@Article{Alesina_culture,
  author  = {Alberto Alesina and Paola Giuliano},
  title   = {Culture and Institutions},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
  year    = {Forthcoming},
}

@Article{alesina2013nation,
  Title                    = {Nation Building and Education},
  Author                   = {Alesina, Alberto and Reich, Bryony},
  Journal                  = {mimeo},
  Year                     = {2018}
}

@Article{alesina2014nation,
  Title                    = {Nation-Building, Nationalism and Wars},
  Author                   = {Alesina, Alberto and Reich, Bryony and Riboni, Alessandro},
  Journal                  = {NBER Working Paper},
  Year                     = {2017},
  Number                   = {w18839}
}

@Article{alesina1997number,
  Title                    = {On the Number and Size of Nations},
  Author                   = {Alesina, Alberto and Spolaore, Enrico},
  Journal                  = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  Year                     = {1997},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {1027--1056},
  Volume                   = {112}
}

@Article{alesina2000economic,
  Title                    = {Economic Integration and Political Disintegration},
  Author                   = {Alesina, Alberto and Spolaore, Enrico and Wacziarg, Romain},
  Journal                  = {American Economic Review},
  Year                     = {2000},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {1276--1296},
  Volume                   = {90}
}

@Article{alesina2011origins,
  Title                    = {On the Origins of Gender Roles: Women and the Plough},
  Author                   = {Alesina, Alberto F. and Giuliano, Paola and Nunn, Nathan},
  Journal                  = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {469-530}
}

@Article{Algan2013CEPR,
  author   = {Algan, Yann and Mayer, Thierry and Thoenig, Mathias},
  title    = {The Economic Incentives of Cultural Transmission: Spatial Evidence from Naming Patterns across {F}rance},
  journal  = {CEPR Discussion Paper DP9416},
  year     = {2013},
  abstract = {This paper aims at studying how economic incentives influence cultural transmission. We do so in the
context of naming decisions, a crucial expression of cultural identity. Our focus is on Arabic versus Non-
Arabic names given by parents to their newborn babies in {F}rance over the 2003-2007 period. Our model
of cultural transmission disentangles between three determinants: (i) vertical transmission of parental
culture; (ii) horizontal influence from the neighborhood; (iii) economic penalty associated with names
that sound culturally distinctive. Our identification is based on the sample of households being exogenously
allocated across public housings dwellings. We find that economic incentives largely influence
naming choices: In the absence of economic penalty, the annual number of babies born with an Arabic
name would have been more than 50 percent larger. Our theory-based estimates allow us to perform a
welfare analysis where we gauge the strength of cultural attachment in monetary units. We find that the
vertical transmission of an Arabic name provides the same shift in parent's utility as a 3% rise in lifetime
income of the child.},
}

@Article{anderson2012aid,
  Title                    = {Aid Fragmentation and Donor Transaction Costs},
  Author                   = {Anderson, Edward},
  Journal                  = {Economics Letters},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {799--802},
  Volume                   = {117},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{anderson1999borders,
  Title                    = {Borders, Border Regions and Territoriality: Contradictory Meanings, Changing Significance},
  Author                   = {Anderson, James and O'dowd, Liam},
  Journal                  = {Regional Studies},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {593--604},
  Volume                   = {33},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{anderson1972regional,
  Title                    = {Regional Identity and Political Change: The Case of {A}lsace from the Third to the Fifth Republic},
  Author                   = {Anderson, Malcolm},
  Journal                  = {Political Studies},
  Year                     = {1972},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {17--30},
  Volume                   = {20},
  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Book{arel2006rebounding,
  Title                    = {Rebounding Identities: The Politics of Identity in Russia and Ukraine},
  Author                   = {Arel, Dominique and Ruble, Blair A.},
  Publisher                = {Woodrow Wilson Center Press},
  Year                     = {2006}
}

@Article{armingeon2014loss,
  Title                    = {The loss of trust in the {E}uropean Union during the great recession since 2007: The role of heuristics from the national political system},
  Author                   = {Armingeon, Klaus and Ceka, Besir},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Union Politics},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {82--107},
  Volume                   = {15},

  Publisher                = {Sage Publications Sage UK: London, England}
}

@Article{ashraf2013out,
  Title                    = {The "Out of Africa" Hypothesis, Human Genetic Diversity, and Comparative Economic Development},
  Author                   = {Ashraf, Quamrul and Galor, Oded},
  Journal                  = {The American Economic Review},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {1},
  Volume                   = {103},

  Publisher                = {NIH Public Access}
}

@Book{aslan2014nation,
  Title                    = {Nation Building in Turkey and Morocco},
  Author                   = {Aslan, Senem},
  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press},
  Year                     = {2014}
}

@Article{aspachs2008compulsory,
  Title                    = {Compulsory Language Educational Policies and Identity Formation},
  Author                   = {Aspachs-Bracons, Oriol and Clots-Figueras, Irma and Costa-Font, Joan and Masella, Paolo},
  Journal                  = {Journal of the {E}uropean Economic Association},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {2-3},
  Pages                    = {434--444},
  Volume                   = {6},

  Abstract                 = {Education can be at the root of the process of identity formation. Using survey data from Catalonia and the Basque Country, where in 1983 the education system became bilingual, we study how parental choices and schooling interact with each other and contribute to the development of individual identity. The difference between the reforms implemented in the two Spanish regions is that whereas in Catalonia the reform was compulsory, in the Basque Country parents could choose the language used to educate their children. Results show a significant effect of the compulsory language policy implemented in Catalonia on identity, whereas the non-compulsory language policy implemented in the Basque Country does not have any effect.},
  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{Benabou2011,
  Title                    = {Identity, Morals, and Taboos: Beliefs as Assets},
  Author                   = {B{\'e}nabou, Roland and Tirole, Jean},
  Journal                  = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  Year                     = {2011},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {805--855},
  Volume                   = {126},

  Publisher                = {MIT Press}
}

@Book{borzel2002states,
  Title                    = {States and Regions in the {E}uropean Union: Institutional Adaptation in {G}ermany and Spain},
  Author                   = {B{\"o}rzel, Tanja A.},
  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press},
  Year                     = {2002}
}

@Article{baldwin1997causes,
  Title                    = {The Causes of Regionalism},
  Author                   = {Baldwin, Richard E. and others},
  Journal                  = {The World Economy},
  Year                     = {1997},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {865--888},
  Volume                   = {20},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Blackwell}
}

@Article{Bandiera2016,
  Title                    = {Nation-Building Through Compulsory Schooling During the Age of Mass Migration},
  Author                   = {Bandiera, Oriana and Mohnen, Myra and Rasul, Imran and Viarengo, Martina},
  Journal                  = {mimeo},
  Year                     = {2017},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2016.07.11}
}

@Article{banerjee2005history,
  Title                    = {History, Institutions, and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India},
  Author                   = {Banerjee, Abhijit and Iyer, Lakshmi},
  Journal                  = {The American Economic Review},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Pages                    = {4},
  Volume                   = {95}
}

@Article{battu2010oppositional,
  Title                    = {Oppositional Identities and Employment for Ethnic Minorities: Evidence from England},
  Author                   = {Battu, Harminder and Zenou, Yves},
  Journal                  = {The Economic Journal},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {542},
  Volume                   = {120},

  Abstract                 = {Where a community or group is socially excluded from a dominant group, some individuals of that
group may identify with the dominant culture and others may reject that culture. The aim of this
article is to investigate this issue by empirically analysing the potential trade-off for ethnic minorities
between sticking to their own roots and labour market success. We find that the social environment
of individuals and attachments to culture of origin has a strong association with identity choice. Our
results also suggest that those non-whites who have preferences that accord with being "oppositional"
do experience an employment penalty.},
  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{becker2008franco,
  Title                    = {The Franco-Prussian Conflict of 1870 and Bismarck's Concept of a Provoked Defensive War. A Response to David Wetzel},
  Author                   = {Becker, Josef},
  Journal                  = {Central {E}uropean History},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {01},
  Pages                    = {93--109},
  Volume                   = {41},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@Article{becker2015,
  Title                    = {The Empire is Dead, Long Live the Empire! {L}ong-run Persistence of Trust and Corruption in the Bureaucracy},
  Author                   = {Becker, Sascha O. and Boeckh, Katrin and Hainz, Christa and Woessmann, Ludger},
  Journal                  = {The Economic Journal},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Volume				   = {126},
  Number				   = {590},
  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{becker2010going,
  author    = {Becker, Sascha O. and Egger, Peter H. and Von Ehrlich, Maximilian},
  title     = {Going {NUTS}: The Effect of {EU} Structural Funds on Regional Performance},
  journal   = {Journal of Public Economics},
  year      = {2010},
  volume    = {94},
  number    = {9-10},
  pages     = {578--590},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
}

@Article{becker2015social,
  Title                    = {Social Cohesion, Religious Beliefs, and the Effect of Protestantism on Suicide},
  Author                   = {Becker, Sascha O. and Woessmann, Ludger},
  Journal                  = {Review of Economics and Statistics},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Number                   = {0},

  Publisher                = {MIT Press}
}

@Article{Benjamin2010,
  Title                    = {Social Identity and Preferences},
  Author                   = {Benjamin, Daniel J. and Choi, James J. and Strickland, A. Joshua},
  Journal                  = {American Economic Review},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {1913-1928},
  Volume                   = {100},

  Abstract                 = {Relative to white {A}mericans, Asian-{A}mericans accumulate more human capital and are more
likely to participate in tax-deferred savings accounts. Black {A}mericans accumulate less financial
wealth, accumulate less human capital, and are less likely to invest in the stock market, even after
controlling for observable demographic variables. However, recent black immigrants from the
West Indies and Africa are disproportionately represented among high-income blacks and elite
college students. Women invest in more conservative financial assets than men and behave more
cautiously in laboratory experiments.}
}

@Article{besley2014,
  Title                    = {The Legacy of Historical Conflict: Evidence from Africa},
  Author                   = {Besley, Timothy and Reynal-Querol, Marta},
  Journal                  = {American Political Science Review},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {02},
  Pages                    = {319--336},
  Volume                   = {108},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@Article{biavaschi2013economic,
  Title                    = {The Economic Payoff of Name Americanization},
  Author                   = {Biavaschi, Costanza and Giulietti, Corrado and Siddique, Zahra},
  Journal                  = {IZA Discussion Paper 7725},
  Year                     = {2013},

  Abstract                 = {We examine the impact of the Americanization of names on the labor market outcomes of
migrants. We construct a novel longitudinal data set of naturalization records in which we
track a complete sample of migrants who naturalize by 1930. We find that migrants who
Americanized their names experienced larger occupational upgrading. Some, such as those
who changed to very popular American names like John or William, obtained gains in
occupation-based earnings of at least 14%. We show that these estimates are causal effects
by using an index of linguistic complexity based on Scrabble points as an instrumental
variable that predicts name Americanization. We conclude that the tradeoff between
individual identity and labor market success was present since the early making of modern
America.}
}

@Book{bingen2005schleifung,
  Title                    = {Die Schleifung: Zerst{\"o}rung und Wiederaufbau historischer Bauten in Deutschland und Polen},
  Author                   = {Bingen, Dieter and Hinz, Hans-Martin},
  Publisher                = {Otto Harrassowitz Verlag},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Volume                   = {20}
}

@Article{bisin2016bend,
  Title                    = {Bend It like Beckham: Ethnic Identity and Integration},
  Author                   = {Bisin, Alberto and Patacchini, Eleonora and Verdier, Thierry and Zenou, Yves},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Economic Review},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Pages                    = {146--164},
  Volume                   = {90},

  Abstract                 = {We propose a theoretical framework to study the determinants of ethnic and religious identity along two distinct motivational processes: cultural distinction and cultural conformity. Under cultural conformity, ethnic identity is reduced by neighborhood integration, which weakens group loyalties and prejudices. On the contrary, under cultural distinction, ethnic minorities are more motivated in retaining their own distinctive cultural heritage the more integrated are the neighborhoods where they reside and work. Using data on ethnic preferences and attitudes provided by the Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities in the UK we find evidence that might be consistent with intense ethnic and religious identity mostly formed as a cultural distinction mechanism. Consistently, we document that ethnic identities might be more intense in mixed than in segregated neighborhoods},
  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{bisin2011formation,
  author    = {Bisin, Alberto and Patacchini, Eleonora and Verdier, Thierry and Zenou, Yves},
  title     = {Formation and Persistence of Oppositional Identities},
  journal   = {{E}uropean Economic Review},
  year      = {2011},
  volume    = {55},
  number    = {8},
  pages     = {1046--1071},
  abstract  = {We develop a dynamic model of identity formation that explains why ethnic minorities may choose to adopt oppositional identities (i.e. some individuals may reject or not the dominant culture) and why this behavior may persist over time. We first show that the prevalence of an oppositional culture in the minority group cannot always be sustained in equilibrium. Indeed, because the size of the majority group is larger, there is a process of exposition to role models from the majority group that favors the diffusion of mainstream values in the minority community. In spite of this, an oppositional culture in the minority group can nevertheless be sustained in steady state if there is enough cultural segmentation in terms of role models, or if the size of the minority group is large enough, or if the degree of oppositional identity it implies is high enough. We also demonstrate that the higher the level of harassment and the number of racist individuals in the society, the more likely an oppositional minority culture will emerge. We finally show that ethnic identity and socialization effort can be more intense in mixed rather than segregated neighborhoods.},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
}

@Article{bisin2010,
  Title                    = {The Economics of Cultural Transmission and Socialization},
  Author                   = {Bisin, Alberto and Verdier, Thierry},
  Journal                  = {Handbook of Social Economics},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Pages                    = {339-416},
  Volume                   = {1},
  Publisher                = {North Holland}
}

@Article{Bisin2001transmission,
  Title                    = {The Economics of Cultural Transmission and the Dynamics of Preferences},
  Author                   = {Bisin, Alberto and Verdier, Thierry},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Economic Theory},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Pages                    = {298-319},
  Volume                   = {97},

  Abstract                 = {This paper studies the population dynamics of preference traits in a model of inter-
generational cultural transmission. Parents socialize and transmit their preferences to
their offspring, motivated by a form of paternalistic altruism ("imperfect empathy''). In
such a setting we study the long run stationary state pattern of preferences in the popu-
lation, according to various socialization mechanisms and institutions, and identify
sufficient conditions for the global stability of an heterogenous stationary distribution
of the preference traits.
We show that cultural transmission mechanisms have very different implications
than evolutionary selection mechanisms with respect to the dynamics of the distri-
bution of the traits in the population, and we study mechanisms which interact
evolutionary selection and cultural transmission.}
}

@Article{bisin2000,
  Title                    = {A Model of Cultural Transmission, Voting and Political Ideology},
  Author                   = {Bisin, Alberto and Verdier, Thierry},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Journal of Political Economy},
  Year                     = {2000},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {5--29},
  Volume                   = {16},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{bisin2000beyond,
  Title                    = {Beyond The Melting Pot: Cultural Transmission, Marriage, And The Evolution Of Ethnic And Religious Traits},
  Author                   = {Bisin, Alberto and Verdier, Thierry},
  Journal                  = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  Year                     = {2000},
  Pages                    = {955--988},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{blais2010taking,
  Title                    = {Taking Civic Duty Seriously: Political Theory and Voter Tumimeo, mimeo},
  Author                   = {Blais, Andr{\'e} and Achen, Christopher H.},
  Journal                  = {mimeo},
  Year                     = {2010}
}

@Article{bleakley2012,
  Title                    = {Portage and Path Dependence},
  Author                   = {Bleakley, Hoyt and Lin, Jeffrey},
  Journal                  = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Pages                    = {qjs011},

  Publisher                = {Oxford University Press}
}

@Article{block1998mercy,
  Title                    = {Mercy on Rude Streams: Jewish Emigrants from {A}lsace-{L}orraine to the Lower Mississippi Region and the Concept of Fidelity},
  Author                   = {Block, Anny},
  Journal                  = {Southern Jewish History},
  Year                     = {1998},
  Volume                   = {1}
}

@Article{boehmer2004intergovernmental,
  author    = {Boehmer, Charles and Gartzke, Erik and Nordstrom, Timothy},
  title     = {Do Intergovernmental Organizations Promote Peace?},
  journal   = {World Politics},
  year      = {2004},
  volume    = {57},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {1--38},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{RolandBolton1997,
  author    = {Bolton, Patrick and Roland,Gerard},
  title     = {The Breakup of Nations: A Political Economy Analysis},
  journal   = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  year      = {1997},
  volume    = {112},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {1057-90},
  language  = {English},
  owner     = {gehring},
  timestamp = {2016.07.21},
  url       = {http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/cgi-bin/edok?dok=http%3A%2F%2Feconpapers.repec.org%2Farticle%2Ftprqjecon%2Fv_3a112_3ay_3a1997_3ai_3a4_3ap_3a1057-90.htm},
}

@Article{bolton1996economic,
  Title                    = {Economic Theories of the Break-up and Integration of Nations},
  Author                   = {Bolton, Patrick and Roland, G{\'e}rard and Spolaore, Enrico},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Economic Review},
  Year                     = {1996},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {697--705},
  Volume                   = {40},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{ref1969,
  author  = {Fredric Bon},
  title   = {Le R\'ef\'erendum du 27 avril 1969: Suicide Politique ou Necessit\'e Strat\'egique?},
  journal = {Revue Francaise de Science Politique},
  year    = {1970},
  volume  = {20},
}

@Article{boomgaarden2009religion,
  Title                    = {Religion and {E}uroscepticism: Direct, Indirect or no Effects?},
  Author                   = {Boomgaarden, Hajo G. and Freire, Andre},
  Journal                  = {West {E}uropean Politics},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1240--1265},
  Volume                   = {32},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{boonen2014nationalist,
  Title                    = {Do Nationalist Parties Shape or Follow Sub-national Identities? A Panel Analysis on the Rise of the Nationalist Party in the Flemish Region of Belgium, 2006-11},
  Author                   = {Boonen, Joris and Hooghe, Marc},
  Journal                  = {Nations and Nationalism},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {56--79},
  Volume                   = {20},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{bordalo2016stereotypes,
  Title                    = {Stereotypes},
  Author                   = {Bordalo, Pedro and Coffman, Katherine and Gennaioli, Nicola and Shleifer, Andrei},
  Journal                  = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {1753--1794},
  Volume                   = {131},

  Publisher                = {MIT Press}
}

@Article{Boswell2008,
  author    = {Boswell, Laird},
  title     = {Should {F}rance be Ashamed of its History? {C}oming to Terms with the Past in {F}rance and its Eastern Borderlands},
  journal   = {Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions},
  year      = {2008},
  volume    = {9},
  number    = {2-3},
  pages     = {237--251},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
}

@Article{brancati2014another,
  Title                    = {Another Great Illusion: The Advancement of Separatism Through Economic Integration},
  Author                   = {Brancati, Dawn},
  Journal                  = {Political Science Research and Methods},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {01},
  Pages                    = {69--95},
  Volume                   = {2},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@Article{branscombe1999perceiving,
  Title                    = {Perceiving Pervasive Discrimination among {A}frican {A}mericans: Implications for Group Identification and Well-being.},
  Author                   = {Branscombe, Nyla R. and Schmitt, Michael T. and Harvey, Richard D.},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {135},
  Volume                   = {77},

  Publisher                = {American Psychological Association}
}

@Article{branton2007anglo,
  Title                    = {Anglo Voting on Nativist Ballot Initiatives: The Partisan Impact of Spatial Proximity to the US-Mexico Border},
  Author                   = {Branton, Regina and Dillingham, Gavin and Dunaway, Johanna and Miller, Beth},
  Journal                  = {Social Science Quarterly},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {882--897},
  Volume                   = {88},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{brehm1997individual,
  Title                    = {Individual-level Evidence for the Causes and Consequences of Social Capital},
  Author                   = {Brehm, John and Rahn, Wendy},
  Journal                  = {American Journal of Political Science},
  Year                     = {1997},
  Pages                    = {999--1023},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{brinegar2005location,
  Title                    = {Location, Location, Location: National Contextual Factors and Public Support for {E}uropean Integration},
  Author                   = {Brinegar, Adam P. and Jolly, Seth K.},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Union Politics},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {155--180},
  Volume                   = {6},

  Publisher                = {Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA}
}

@Book{brubaker2009national,
  Title                    = {National Homogenization and Ethnic Reproduction on the {E}uropean Periphery},
  Author                   = {Brubaker, Rogers},
  Publisher                = {Il Mulino},
  Year                     = {2009}
}

@Misc{bullman1997politics,
  Title                    = {The politics of the Third Level. The regional dimension of the {E}uropean Union, Towards a Third Level in Europe},

  Author                   = {Bullman, U.},
  Year                     = {1997},

  Publisher                = {Frank Cass, Londres}
}

@Article{buonanno2009does,
  Title                    = {Does Social Capital Reduce Crime?},
  Author                   = {Buonanno, Paolo and Montolio, Daniel and Vanin, Paolo},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Law and Economics},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {145--170},
  Volume                   = {52},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{Callender1927,
  Title                    = {{A}lsace-{L}orraine Since the War},
  Author                   = {Callender, Harold},
  Journal                  = {Foreign Affairs},
  Year                     = {1927},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {427--437},
  Volume                   = {5},

  Publisher                = {Council on Foreign Relations}
}

@Article{calonico2015optimal,
  author    = {Calonico, Sebastian and Cattaneo, Matias D. and Titiunik, Rocio},
  journal   = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  title     = {Optimal Data-Driven Regression Discontinuity Plots},
  year      = {2015},
  number    = {512},
  pages     = {1753-1769},
  volume    = {110},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
}

@Article{CantoniCurriculum,
  Title                    = {Curriculum and Ideology},
  Author                   = {Cantoni, Davide and Chen, Yuyu and Yang, David Y. and Yuchtman, Noam and Zhang, Y. Jane},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Political},
  Year                     = {2015},

  Abstract                 = {We study the causal effect of school curricula on studentsâ€™ political attitudes, exploiting a major
textbook reform in China between 2004 and 2010. The sharp, staggered introduction of the new
curriculum across provinces allows us to identify its causal effects. We examine government
documents articulating desired consequences of the reform, and identify changes in textbooks
reflecting these aims. A survey we conducted reveals that the reform was often successful
in shaping attitudes, while evidence on behavior is mixed. Studying the new curriculum led
to more positive views of Chinaâ€™s governance, changed views on democracy, and increased
skepticism toward free markets.}
}

@Article{carey2002undivided,
  author    = {Carey, Sean},
  title     = {Undivided Loyalties: Is National Identity an Obstacle to {E}uropean Integration?},
  journal   = {{E}uropean {U}nion {P}olitics},
  year      = {2002},
  volume    = {3},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {387--413},
  publisher = {Sage Publications London},
}

@Article{carla2018land,
  author    = {Carl{\`a}, Andrea},
  title     = {Land of welcome, land of fear: explaining approaches to a new diversity in Catalonia and South Tyrol},
  journal   = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
  year      = {2018},
  volume    = {44},
  number    = {7},
  pages     = {1098--1116},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
}

@Article{caron1981failed,
  Title                    = {The Failed Alliance: Jewish-Catholic Relations in {A}lsace-{L}orraine, 1871-1914},
  Author                   = {Caron, Vicki and Hyman, Paula},
  Journal                  = {The Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook},
  Year                     = {1981},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {3--21},
  Volume                   = {26},

  Publisher                = {Oxford University Press}
}

@Article{carrol2013border,
  Title                    = {In the Borders Shadow: Reimagining Urban Spaces in Strasbourg, 1918-39},
  Author                   = {Carrol, Alison},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Contemporary History},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {666--687},
  Volume                   = {48},

  Publisher                = {SAGE Publications}
}

@Article{carrol2010socialism,
  Title                    = {Socialism and National Identity in {A}lsace from Reichsland to R{\'e}publique, 1890-1921},
  Author                   = {Carrol, Alison},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean History Quarterly},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {57--78},
  Volume                   = {40},

  Publisher                = {SAGE Publications}
}

@Article{carrol2011view,
  author    = {Carrol, Alison and Zanoun, Louisa},
  journal   = {{E}uropean Review of History},
  title     = {The View From the Border: A Comparative Study of Autonomism in {A}lsace and the {Moselle}, 1918--29},
  year      = {2011},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {465--486},
  volume    = {18},
  publisher = {Routledge, part of the Taylor \& Francis Group},
}

@Article{carvalho2016resisting,
  Title                    = {Resisting Education},
  Author                   = {Carvalho, Jean Paul and Koyama, Mark},
  Journal                  = {GMU Working Paper in Economics No. 13-18},
  Year                     = {2016},

  Abstract                 = {We study a setting in which the education system privileges some identities and
marginalizes others. When the ideal identity prescribed by the education system
evolves with the composition of the educated subpopulation, persistent educa-
tional inequality can emerge even when communities are ex ante identical in terms
of productivity. We show that historically marginalized communities underinvest
in education as a form of cultural resistance. Uniform growth in economic returns
to education mitigates identity-based resistance to education. Uneven growth ex-
acerbates it. In disadvantaged communities, rates of education may fall even as
their economic returns to education rise. We show how a policymaker would
intervene to minimize educational inequality, maximize rates of education and
assimilate a minority community. Without appropriate economic incentives for
education, cultural measures aimed at assimilation can backfire. We illustrate
the insights and policy implications of our analysis through a series of examples.}
}

@Article{carvalho2013veiling,
  Title                    = {Veiling},
  Author                   = {Carvalho, Jean-Paul},
  Journal                  = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {337--370},
  Volume                   = {128},

  Publisher                = {Oxford University Press}
}

@Article{cederman2001back,
  Title                    = {Back to Kant: Reinterpreting the democratic peace as a macrohistorical learning process},
  Author                   = {Cederman, Lars-Erik},
  Journal                  = {American Political Science Review},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {15--31},
  Volume                   = {95},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@Article{Cederman15,
  author  = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Hug, Simon and Sch{\"a}del, Andreas and Wucherpfennig, Julian},
  journal = {American Political Science Review},
  title   = {Territorial Autonomy in the Shadow of Conflict: Too Little, too Late?},
  year    = {2015},
  number  = {2},
  pages   = {354--370},
  volume  = {109},
}

@TechReport{CEMR2004,
  Title                    = {Hearing on the Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe in the {E}uropean Parliment's Committee on Constitutional Affairs},
  Author                   = {CEMR},
  Institution              = {{E}uropean Associations representing regional and local authorities (AEBR, AER, CEMR, CPMR, EUROCITIES, CALRE and REGLEG)},
  Year                     = {2004},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2018.02.07}
}

@Article{chacha2013,
  Title                    = {Regional Attachment and Support for {E}uropean Integration},
  Author                   = {Chacha, Mwita},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Union Politics},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {206--227},
  Volume                   = {14},

  Publisher                = {SAGE Publications}
}

@Article{chaney14,
  Title                    = {The Medieval Origins of Comparative {E}uropean Development: Evidence from the Basque Country, mimeo},
  Author                   = {Chaney, Eric},
  Journal                  = {mimeo},
  Year                     = {2014}
}

@Conference{chemin2008regional,
  Title                    = {Regional Difference-in-differences in {F}rance Using the German Annexation of {A}lsace-{Moselle} in 1870-1918.},
  Author                   = {Chemin, Matthieu and Wasmer, Etienne},
  Booktitle                = {NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics},
  Year                     = {2008, June 20-21},

  Institution              = {Sciences Po}
}

@Article{chemin2011ex,
  Title                    = {Ex-ante and Ex-post Evaluation of the 1989 French Welfare Reform Using a Natural Experiment: The 1908 Social Laws in {A}lsace-{Moselle}, mimeo},
  Author                   = {Chemin, Matthieu and Wasmer, Etienne},
  Journal                  = {mimeo},
  Year                     = {2011}
}

@Article{chemin2009using,
  Title                    = {Using {A}lsace-{Moselle} Local Laws to Build a Difference-in-Differences Estimation Strategy of the Employment Effects of the 35-hour Workweek Regulation in {F}rance},
  Author                   = {Chemin, Matthieu and Wasmer, Etienne},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Labor Economics},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {487--524},
  Volume                   = {27},

  Publisher                = {The University of Chicago Press}
}

@Article{cho1999naturalization,
  Title                    = {Naturalization, Socialization, Participation: Immigrants and (Non-) Voting},
  Author                   = {Cho, Wendy K. Tam},
  Journal                  = {The Journal of Politics},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {04},
  Pages                    = {1140--1155},
  Volume                   = {61},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@Article{christopher1988divide,
  Title                    = {'Divide and Rule': The Impress of British Separation Policies},
  Author                   = {Christopher, Anthony J.},
  Journal                  = {Area},
  Year                     = {1988},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {233--240},
  Volume                   = {20},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{clark2014explaining,
  Title                    = {Explaining Low Turnout in {E}uropean elections: The Role of Issue Salience and Institutional Perceptions in Elections to the {E}uropean Parliament},
  Author                   = {Clark, Nicholas},
  Journal                  = {Journal of {E}uropean Integration},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {339--356},
  Volume                   = {36},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{clots2013education,
  Title                    = {Education, Language and Identity},
  Author                   = {Clots-Figueras, Irma and Masella, Paolo},
  Journal                  = {The Economic Journal},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {570},
  Pages                    = {F332--F357},
  Volume                   = {123},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@PhdThesis{cohen2009ebb,
  Title                    = {The Ebb and Flow of Regional Parties: Political Openings, Behavioral Expectations, and Regional Party Volatility},
  Author                   = {Cohen, Michael},
  School                   = {The Ohio State University},
  Year                     = {2009}
}

@Article{coleman1988social,
  Title                    = {Social capital in the Creation of Human Capital},
  Author                   = {Coleman, James S.},
  Journal                  = {American Journal of Sociology},
  Year                     = {1988},
  Pages                    = {S95--S120},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{colley1986whose,
  Title                    = {Whose Nation? Class and National Consciousness in Britain 1750-1830},
  Author                   = {Colley, Linda},
  Journal                  = {Past \& Present},
  Year                     = {1986},
  Number                   = {113},
  Pages                    = {97--117},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{collins2007,
  author    = {Collins, James},
  journal   = {Contemporary French Civilization},
  title     = {Beyond History: Memory and Justice at Oradour-Sur-Glane},
  year      = {2007},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {203--230},
  volume    = {31},
  publisher = {Liverpool University Press},
}

@Article{conley99,
  Title                    = {GMM Estimation with Cross Sectional Dependence},
  Author                   = {Conley, Timothy G.},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Econometrics},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {1--45},
  Volume                   = {92},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{constant2009ethnosizing,
  Title                    = {Ethnosizing Immigrants},
  Author                   = {Constant, Amelie F. and Gataullina, Liliya and Zimmermann, Klaus F.},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Economic Behavior \& Organization},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {274--287},
  Volume                   = {69},

  Abstract                 = {The ethnosizer, a new measure of the intensity of a person's ethnic identity, is proposed using information on language, culture, societal interaction, history of migration, and ethnic self-identification. A two-dimensional version classifies immigrants into four states: integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization. Results based on the German Socio-economic Panel for 2001 are as follows. Young migrants are assimilated or integrated the most. While Muslims and Christians do not integrate, both assimilate the best. Immigrants with college in the home country separate less. Having some schooling is worse than no schooling for integration and assimilation. While ex-Yugoslavs assimilate more, {G}reeks, Italians and Spaniards are no different than Turks.},
  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{conversi2008we,
  Title                    = {"We Are All Equals!" Militarism, Homogenization and "Egalitarianism" in Nationalist State-building (1789-1945)},
  Author                   = {Conversi, Daniele},
  Journal                  = {Ethnic and Racial Studies},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {1286--1314},
  Volume                   = {31},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Book{Connor2004,
  Title                    = {Ethnonationalism in the Contemporary World: Walker Connor and the Study of Nationalism},
  Author                   = {Conversi, Daniele},
  Publisher                = {Psychology Press},
  Year                     = {2004},
  Volume                   = {21},

  Chapter                  = {Nationalism and Political Illegitimacy}
}

@Article{crombez2003democratic,
  Title                    = {The democratic deficit in the {E}uropean {U}nion: Much ado about nothing?},
  Author                   = {Crombez, Christophe},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Union Politics},
  Year                     = {2003},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {101--120},
  Volume                   = {4},

  Publisher                = {Sage Publications London}
}

@Article{crowley2001political,
  Title                    = {The Political Participation of Ethnic Minorities},
  Author                   = {Crowley, John},
  Journal                  = {International Political Science Review},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {99--121},
  Volume                   = {22},

  Publisher                = {Sage Publications}
}

@Article{cuberes2014effect,
  Title                    = {The Effect of the Spanish Reconquest on Iberian Cities},
  Author                   = {Cuberes, David and Gonz{\'a}lez-Val, Rafael},
  Journal                  = {IEB Working Paper N. 2014/4},
  Year                     = {2014},

  Publisher                = {IEB Working Paper}
}

@Article{dardanelli2003ideology,
  Title                    = {Ideology and Rationality: The {E}uropeanisation of the Scottish National Party},
  Author                   = {Dardanelli, Paolo},
  Journal                  = {Journal {\"O}sterreichische Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Politikwissenschaft},
  Year                     = {2003},
  Pages                    = {3},
  Volume                   = {32}
}
{dardanelli2001{E}uropeanisation,
  Title                    = {The {E}uropeanisation of Regionalisation: {E}uropean Integration and Public Support for Self-government in Scotland 1979/1997},
  Author                   = {Dardanelli, Paolo},
  Journal                  = {Queen's Papers on {E}uropeanisation},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {5/2001},

  Institution              = {Queens University Belfast}
}

@Article{david1985clio,
  Title                    = {Clio and the Economics of QWERTY},
  Author                   = {David, Paul A.},
  Journal                  = {American Economic Review},
  Year                     = {1985},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {332--337},
  Volume                   = {75},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{dawson2012ethnic,
  Title                    = {The Ethnic and Non-ethnic Politics of Everyday Life in Bulgaria's Southern Borderland},
  Author                   = {Dawson, James},
  Journal                  = {Nationalities Papers},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {473--489},
  Volume                   = {40},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Misc{CDG69,
  Title                    = {Entretien avec le journaliste Michel Droit, avant le r\'ef\'erendum sur la creation des r\'egions et la r\'eforme du S\'enat fix\'e au 27 avril},

  Author                   = {De Gaulle, Charles},
  HowPublished             = {https://fresques.ina.fr/de-gaulle/fiche-media/Gaulle00282/entretien-avec-michel-droit.html},
  Month                    = apr,
  Year                     = {1969}
}

@Article{Lavalette1925absorption,
  Title                    = {The Absorption of {A}lsace and {L}orraine},
  Author                   = {De La Valette, John},
  Journal                  = {Journal of the British Institute of International Affairs},
  Year                     = {1925},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {30--46},
  Volume                   = {4},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{dee2016causal,
  author    = {Dee, Thomas S. and Penner, Emily K.},
  title     = {The Causal Effects of Cultural Relevance Evidence From an Ethnic Studies Curriculum},
  journal   = {American Educational Research Journal},
  year      = {2016},
  publisher = {SAGE Publications},
}

@Article{Dehdari2016,
  Title                    = {The Origins of Common Identity: Division, Homogenization Policies and Identity Formation in {A}lsace-{L}orraine},
  Author                   = {Dehdari, Sirus and Gehring, Kai},
  Journal                  = {Center for Comperative and International Studies (CIS), Working paper},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Number                   = {89},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2017.08.15}
}

@Article{dehdari2016building,
  Title                    = {Building National Identity? The Causal Effect of Homogenization Policies in {A}lsace-{L}orraine},
  Author                   = {Dehdari, Sirus and Gehring, Kai},
  Journal                  = {Center for Comperative and International Studies (CIS), Working paper},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Number                   = {89}
}

@Article{dell2010mita,
  Title                    = {The Persistent Effects of Peru's Mining Mita},
  Author                   = {Dell, Melissa},
  Journal                  = {Econometrica},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1863--1903},
  Volume                   = {78},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{dell2015vietnam,
  Title                    = {The Historical State, Local Collective Action, and Economic Development in Vietnam},
  Author                   = {Dell, Melissa and Lane, Nathan and Querubin, Pablo},
  Journal                  = {Econometrica},
  Year                     = {forthcoming}
}

@Article{Dell2016nation,
  author    = {Dell, Melissa and Querubin, Pablo},
  title     = {Nation Building Through Foreign Intervention: Evidence from Discontinuities in Military Strategies},
  journal   = {Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1, 64},
  year      = {2017},
  owner     = {gehring},
  timestamp = {2016.07.11},
}

@Article{demirtepe2012accommodation,
  Title                    = {Accommodation or Assimilation? Chinese Government Policies Toward Uyghur Minority},
  Author                   = {Demirtepe, M. Turgut and Bozbey, {\.I}zzet Ahmet},
  Journal                  = {USAK Yearbook of International Politics and Law},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {151--174}
}

@Article{depetris2018building,
  author  = {Depetris-Chauvin, Emilio and Durante, Ruben and Campante, Filipe R.},
  title   = {Building Nations Through Shared Experiences: Evidence from {A}frican Football},
  journal = {American Economic Review},
  year    = {2020},
  volume  = {110},
  number  = {5},
  pages   = {1572–1602},
}

@Article{desmet2015culture,
  Title                    = {Culture, Ethnicity and Diversity},
  Author                   = {Desmet, Klaus and Ortu{\~n}o-Ort{\'\i}n, Ignacio and Wacziarg, Romain},
  Journal                  = {American Economic Review, 107(9), 2479-2513.},
  Year                     = {2017}
}

@Article{desmet2012political,
  Title                    = {The Political Economy of Linguistic Cleavages},
  Author                   = {Desmet, Klaus and Ortu{\~n}o-Ort{\'\i}n, Ignacio and Wacziarg, Romain},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Development Economics},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {322--338},
  Volume                   = {97},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{dhillon2002economic,
  Title                    = {Economic Theories of Voter Turnout},
  Author                   = {Dhillon, Amrita and Peralta, Susana},
  Journal                  = {The Economic Journal},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {480},
  Pages                    = {F332--F352},
  Volume                   = {112},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@InCollection{van1999state,
  Title                    = {State Borders in Geography and History},
  Author                   = {van Dijk, Henk},
  Booktitle                = {Nationalising and Denationalising {E}uropean Border Regions, 1800--2000},
  Publisher                = {Springer},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Pages                    = {21--36},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2015.10.23}
}

@Article{doepke2017parenting,
  Title                    = {Parenting With Style: Altruism and Paternalism in Intergenerational Preference Transmission},
  Author                   = {Doepke, Matthias and Zilibotti, Fabrizio},
  Journal                  = {Econometrica},
  Year                     = {2017},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {1331--1371},
  Volume                   = {85},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@InCollection{doepke2014culture,
  Title                    = {Culture, Entrepreneurship, and Growth},
  Author                   = {Doepke, Matthias and Zilibotti, Fabrizio},
  Booktitle                = {Handbook of economic growth},
  Publisher                = {Elsevier},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Pages                    = {1--48},
  Volume                   = {2}
}

@Article{dohmen2012,
  author    = {Dohmen, Thomas and Falk, Armin and Huffman, David and Sunde, Uwe},
  title     = {The Intergenerational Transmission of Risk and Trust Attitudes},
  journal   = {The Review of Economic Studies},
  year      = {2012},
  volume    = {79},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {645-677},
  doi       = {10.1093/restud/rdr027},
  owner     = {gehring},
  timestamp = {2018.06.05},
  url       = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdr027},
}

@Article{dorussen2008intergovernmental,
  Title                    = {Intergovernmental organizations and the {K}antian peace: A network perspective},
  Author                   = {Dorussen, Han and Ward, Hugh},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {189--212},
  Volume                   = {52},

  Publisher                = {Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@Article{Downs2002,
  author    = {William M. Downs},
  journal   = {Journal of {E}uropean Integration},
  title     = {Regionalism in the {E}uropean Union: Key Concepts and Project Overview},
  year      = {2002},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {171-177},
  volume    = {24},
  abstract  = {One of the apparent contradictions of the twenty-first century is that, in a world of globalisation and interdependence, there is an increase in the number of constitutional regions and stateless nations aggressively seeking autonomy and influence. Despite powerful arguments that inherent in globalisation is a process of deterritorialisation, the politics of place enjoys a reinvigorated salience. Uncertainty generated by the countervailing forces of integration and disintegration prompts contentious questions about shared sovereignty, viability of small entities, possibilities for transborder co-operation, competing loyalties, and democratisation via devolution. Perhaps nowhere are the dilemmas associated with these questions better illustrated than in the {E}uropean Union. This issue of the Journal of {E}uropean Integration introduces a collaborative research project that addresses the reciprocal relationship between regionalism and {E}uropean unification. In this introductory essay, the project's core concerns are briefly outlined. Summaries are provided of how these concerns are empirically applied in the studies of seven scholars whose work is presented in this volume.},
  doi       = {10.1080/07036330220152204},
  eprint    = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07036330220152204},
  owner     = {gehring},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  timestamp = {2018.02.07},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07036330220152204},
}

@Article{doyle2005three,
  Title                    = {Three pillars of the liberal peace},
  Author                   = {Doyle, Michael W.},
  Journal                  = {American Political Science Review},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {463--466},
  Volume                   = {99},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@Article{dunlop2013mapping,
  Title                    = {Mapping a New Kind of {E}uropean Boundary: The Language Border Between Modern {F}rance and {G}ermany},
  Author                   = {Dunlop, Catherine T.},
  Journal                  = {Imago Mundi},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {253--267},
  Volume                   = {65},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{egger2015causal,
  Title                    = {The Causal Impact of Common Native Language on International Trade: Evidence from a Spatial Regression Discontinuity Design},
  Author                   = {Egger, Peter H. and Lassmann, Andrea},
  Journal                  = {The Economic Journal},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Number                   = {584},
  Pages                    = {699--745},
  Volume                   = {125},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{elenius2002place,
  Title                    = {A Place in the Memory of Nation. Minority Policy Towards the Finnish Speakers in Sweden and Norway},
  Author                   = {Elenius, Lars},
  Journal                  = {Acta Borealia},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {103--123},
  Volume                   = {19},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{ellinghaus2009biological,
  Title                    = {Biological Absorption and Genocide: A Comparison of Indigenous Assimilation Policies in the United States and Australia},
  Author                   = {Ellinghaus, Katherine},
  Journal                  = {Genocide Studies and Prevention},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {59--79},
  Volume                   = {4},

  Publisher                = {University of Toronto Press}
}

@Article{ellinghaus2007strategies,
  Title                    = {Strategies of Elimination:"Exempted" Aborigines,"Competent" Indians, and Twentieth-century Assimilation Policies in Australia and the United States},
  Author                   = {Ellinghaus, Katherine},
  Journal                  = {Journal of the Canadian Historical Association/Revue de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} historique du Canada},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {202--225},
  Volume                   = {18},

  Publisher                = {The Canadian Historical Association/La Soci{\'e}t{\'e} historique du Canada}
}

@article{Escobar2014,
  title={Does decentralization improve perceptions of accountability? Attitudinal evidence from Colombia},
  author={Escobar-Lemmon, Maria and Ross, Ashley D},
  journal={American Journal of Political Science},
  volume={58},
  number={1},
  pages={175--188},
  year={2014}
}

@Article{ethier1998new,
  Title                    = {The New Regionalism},
  Author                   = {Ethier, Wilfred J.},
  Journal                  = {The Economic Journal},
  Year                     = {1998},
  Number                   = {449},
  Pages                    = {1149--1161},
  Volume                   = {108},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{forster1870general,
  Title                    = {General-{F}eldmarschall {H}elmuth von {M}oltke und die Kriegsgeschichtlichen {F}olgen des {D}eutsch-{F}ranz{\"o}sischen {K}rieges},
  Author                   = {F{\"o}rster, Stig},
  Journal                  = {Pariser Historische Studien},
  Year                     = {1990},
  Pages                    = {86--91},
  Volume                   = {29},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2015.10.23}
}

@article{Falleti05,
  title={A sequential theory of decentralization: Latin American cases in comparative perspective},
  author={Falleti, Tulia G},
  journal={American Political Science Review},
  volume={99},
  number={3},
  pages={327--346},
  year={2005},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press}
}

@Article{fauvelle2000impact,
  Title                    = {The Impact of Turnout on Electoral Choices: An Econometric Analysis of the French Case},
  Author                   = {Fauvelle-Aymar, Christine and Lafay, Jean-Dominique and Servais, Marie},
  Journal                  = {Electoral Studies},
  Year                     = {2000},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {393--412},
  Volume                   = {19},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{featherstone1994jean,
  Title                    = {Jean {M}onnet and the "democratic deficit" in the {E}uropean {U}nion},
  Author                   = {Featherstone, Kevin},
  Journal                  = {JCMS: {J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  Year                     = {1994},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {149--170},
  Volume                   = {32},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{feddersen2006theory,
  Title                    = {A Theory of Participation in Elections},
  Author                   = {Feddersen, Timothy and Sandroni, Alvaro},
  Journal                  = {The American Economic Review},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {1271--1282},
  Volume                   = {96},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{fernandez1993ethnoterritorial,
  Title                    = {Ethnoterritorial Concurrence and Imperfect Federalism in Spain},
  Author                   = {Fern{\'a}ndez, Luis Moreno},
  Journal                  = {Documentos de Trabajo (CSIC. Unidad de Pol{\'\i}ticas Comparadas)},
  Year                     = {1993},
  Number                   = {10},
  Pages                    = {1},

  Publisher                = {Unidad de Pol{\'\i}ticas Comparadas}
}

@InCollection{Ferry2005,
  Title                    = {The New {E}uropean Question: The Problem of Post-national Integration},
  Author                   = {Jean-Marc Ferry},
  Booktitle                = {Revisiting Nationalism. Theories and Processes},
  Publisher                = {Hurst},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Editor                   = {Alain Dieckhoff and Christophe Jaffrelot},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2016.02.25}
}

@Article{ferwerda2014,
  Title                    = {Political Devolution and Resistance to Foreign Rule: A Natural Experiment},
  Author                   = {Ferwerda, Jeremy and Miller, Nicholas L.},
  Journal                  = {American Political Science Review},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {03},
  Pages                    = {642--660},
  Volume                   = {108},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@Article{fiorina1976,
  Title                    = {The Voting Decision: Instrumental and Expressive Aspects},
  Author                   = {Fiorina, Morris P.},
  Journal                  = {The Journal of Politics},
  Year                     = {1976},
  Number                   = {02},
  Pages                    = {390--413},
  Volume                   = {38},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@Article{fiorino2016voter,
  Title                    = {Voter Turnout in {E}uropean Parliament Elections: A Spatial Analysis},
  Author                   = {Fiorino, Nadia and Pontarollo, Nicola and Ricciuti, Roberto},
  Journal                  = {CESifo Working Paper No.},
  Year                     = {2016},

  Abstract                 = {In {E}uropean Parliament elections turnout rates, traditionally lower than in national
parliamentary elections, decrease from one elections to the next, and show strong variations
within and between countries. What explains this decline? Why are there such big differences
between and within the EU member countries? This paper investigates these problems by
analyzing the last four EP elections in the EU-13, for 156 regions. We first study the spatial
features of turnout and subsequently test a Hierarchical Linear Model to assess the impact of
some socio-economic, institutional and political factors on voter turnout. The results confirm the
spatial dependence of data and indicate a significant role of compulsory voting, domestic
political cleavages, and uncertainty on the labor market. No evidence is found that {E}uropean
financial transfers, GDP per capita or unemployment influence turnout. Finally, the oldest
segment of population seems more prone to vote than the youngest part.}
}

@Book{fishman1997,
  Title                    = {In Praise of the Beloved Language: A Comparative View of Positive Ethnolinguistic Consciousness},
  Author                   = {Fishman, Joshua A.},
  Publisher                = {Walter de Gruyter},
  Year                     = {1997},
  Volume                   = {76}
}

@Article{Fitjar2010,
  Title                    = {Explaining Variation in Sub-state Regional Identities in Western Europe},
  Author                   = {Fitjar, Rune Dahl},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Journal of Political Research},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {522--544},
  Volume                   = {49},

  Abstract                 = {While national identities emerged as the dominant source of territorial identification during the twentieth century, sub-state regional identities are becoming increasingly important in some Western {E}uropean regions. However, this is not a uniform development. In some regions, nearly half of respondents in Eurobarometer surveys claim a stronger attachment to the region than to the state. In others, less than 4 per cent are primarily attached to their region. This article examines the extent to which these differences are explained by the characteristics of the regions themselves. What, if anything, do regions that mobilise public identity have in common? Developing a model of regional identities, the study examines cultural, geographic, economic and political factors that vary across different regions in Western Europe. The study finds that regional identities tend to be stronger in regions where a regional language is spoken and which do not border the state capital, signalling a cultural and a centre/periphery dimension to regional identity formation. However, there is potentially a more strategic aspect to identification, as regional identities are likely to be stronger in economically developed regions and in regions with highly distinctive voting behaviour.},
  Doi                      = {10.1111/j.1475-6765.2009.01907.x},
  ISSN                     = {1475-6765},
  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Publisher                = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
  Timestamp                = {2018.02.07},
  Url                      = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2009.01907.x}
}

@Article{follesdal2006there,
  author    = {Follesdal, Andreas and Hix, Simon},
  title     = {Why There is a Democratic Deficit in the {EU}: A Response to {M}ajone and {M}oravcsik},
  journal   = {JCMS: {J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  year      = {2006},
  volume    = {44},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {533--562},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
}

@Book{franklin2004,
  Title                    = {Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies Since 1945},
  Author                   = {Franklin, Mark N.},
  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press},
  Year                     = {2004}
}

@Article{franklin2011legacy,
  Title                    = {The Legacy of Lethargy: How Elections to the {E}uropean Parliament Depress Turnout},
  Author                   = {Franklin, Mark N. and Hobolt, Sara B.},
  Journal                  = {Electoral Studies},
  Year                     = {2011},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {67--76},
  Volume                   = {30},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{freni2011georgia,
  Title                    = {Georgia as an Ethnic Democracy: A Study on the Azerbaijani and Armenian Minorities Under Mikheil Saakashvili, mimeo},
  Author                   = {Freni, Salvatore},
  Journal                  = {mimeo},
  Year                     = {2011}
}

@Article{friedman2011education,
  Title                    = {Education as Liberation?},
  Author                   = {Friedman, Willa and Kremer, Michael and Miguel, Edward and Thornton, Rebecca},
  Journal                  = {NBER Working Paper No. W16939.},
  Year                     = {2011},
  Number                   = {online},
  Pages                    = {w16939--w16939},
  Volume                   = {2011},

  Publisher                = {National Bureau of Economic Research}
}

@Article{FryerJr2010,
  author    = {Roland G. {Fryer Jr.} and Paul Torelli},
  journal   = {Journal of Public Economics},
  title     = {An Empirical Analysis of Acting White},
  year      = {2010},
  issn      = {0047-2727},
  number    = {5-6},
  pages     = {380 - 396},
  volume    = {94},
  abstract  = {Using a newly available data set, which allows one to construct a novel measure of a student's social status, we demonstrate that there are potentially important racial differences in the relationship between social status and academic achievement. The effect is concentrated among students with a grade point average (GPA) of 3.5 or higher and more pronounced in schools with more interracial contact. Earlier studies showing a positive relationship between popularity and academic achievement for blacks are sensitive to the inclusion of more continuous achievement measures. We argue that the data are most consistent with a model of accounting, in which investments in education are taken as a signal of one's opportunity costs of peer-group loyalty, though imprecise estimates make definitive conclusions difficult.},
  doi       = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.10.011},
  keywords  = {Social interactions},
  owner     = {gehring},
  timestamp = {2017.03.08},
  url       = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272709001406},
}

@Article{fujiwara2015voting,
  Title                    = {Voting Technology, Political Responsiveness, and Infant Health: Evidence from Brazil},
  Author                   = {Fujiwara, Thomas},
  Journal                  = {Econometrica},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {423--464},
  Volume                   = {83},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{fukuyama2001social,
  Title                    = {Social Capital, Civil Society and Development},
  Author                   = {Fukuyama, Francis},
  Journal                  = {Third World Quarterly},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {7--20},
  Volume                   = {22}
}

@Conference{fukuyama2000social,
  Title                    = {Social Capital and Civil Society},
  Author                   = {Fukuyama, Francis and others},
  Year                     = {1999},

  Institution              = {George Mason University}
}

@Article{gabel1995understanding,
  author    = {Gabel, Matthew and Palmer, Harvey D.},
  title     = {Understanding Variation in Public Support for {E}uropean Integration},
  journal   = {{E}uropean Journal of Political Research},
  year      = {1995},
  volume    = {27},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {3--19},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
}

@Article{galtsov1996problems,
  Title                    = {The Problems of People's Identification in the Kaliningrad Region},
  Author                   = {Galtsov, Valery},
  Journal                  = {Anthropological Journal on {E}uropean Cultures},
  Year                     = {1996},
  Pages                    = {83--95},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{gartzke2001investing,
  Title                    = {Investing in the peace: Economic interdependence and international conflict},
  Author                   = {Gartzke, Erik and Li, Quan and Boehmer, Charles},
  Journal                  = {{I}nternational {O}rganization},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {391--438},
  Volume                   = {55},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@Article{gaubatz1996democratic,
  Title                    = {Democratic states and commitment in international relations},
  Author                   = {Gaubatz, Kurt Taylor},
  Journal                  = {{I}nternational {O}rganization},
  Year                     = {1996},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {109--139},
  Volume                   = {50},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@Article{gehringReg2016,
  author    = {Gehring, Kai and Schneider, Stephan},
  title     = {Regional Resources and Democratic Secessionism},
  journal   = {Journal of Public Economics},
  year      = {2020},
  volume    = {181},
  number	= {104073},
  owner     = {gehring},
  timestamp = {2017.02.23},
}

@Book{gellner2008nations,
  Title                    = {Nations and Nationalism},
  Author                   = {Gellner, Ernest and Breuilly, John},
  Publisher                = {New York: Cornell University Press},
  Year                     = {2008}
}

@Article{gelman2014high,
  Title                    = {Why High-order Polynomials Should not be Used in Regression Discontinuity Designs},
  Author                   = {Gelman, Andrew and Imbens, Guido},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Business \& Economic Statistics, (forthcoming).},
  Year                     = {2017}
}

@Article{gennaioli2007modern,
  Title                    = {The Modern Impact of Precolonial Centralization in Africa},
  Author                   = {Gennaioli, Nicola and Rainer, Ilia},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Economic Growth},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {185--234},
  Volume                   = {12},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Article{gennaioli2015state,
  Title                    = {State Capacity and Military Conflict},
  Author                   = {Gennaioli, Nicola and Voth, Hans-Joachim},
  Journal                  = {The Review of Economic Studies},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {1409--1448},
  Volume                   = {82},

  Publisher                = {Oxford University Press}
}

@Article{gettys1927effect,
  Title                    = {The Effect of Changes of Sovereignty on Nationality},
  Author                   = {Gettys, C. Luella},
  Journal                  = {American Journal of International Law},
  Year                     = {1927},
  Pages                    = {268--278},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{geys2006,
  Title                    = {Explaining Voter Turnout: A Review of Aggregate-level Research},
  Author                   = {Geys, Benny},
  Journal                  = {Electoral Studies},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {637--663},
  Volume                   = {25},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{giuliano2016understanding,
  Title                    = {Understanding Cultural Persistence and Change},
  Author                   = {Giuliano, Paola and Nunn, Nathan},
  Journal                  = {NBER Working Paper No. 23617},
  Year                     = {2016},

  Institution              = {Harvard Universtity, mimeo}
}

@Article{glenn1974local,
  Title                    = {Local Law of {A}lsace-{L}orraine, A Half Century of Survival},
  Author                   = {Glenn, H. Patrick},
  Journal                  = {Int'l \& Comp. LQ},
  Year                     = {1974},
  Pages                    = {769--781},
  Volume                   = {23},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@Article{goodfellow1993,
  Title                    = {From {G}ermany to {F}rance? {I}nterwar {A}lsatian National Identity},
  Author                   = {Goodfellow, Samuel},
  Journal                  = {French History},
  Year                     = {1993},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {450--471},
  Volume                   = {7},

  Publisher                = {SSFH}
}

@Article{gorenburg2006soviet,
  Title                    = {Soviet Nationalities Policy and Assimilation},
  Author                   = {Gorenburg, Dmitry},
  Journal                  = {Rebounding Identities: The Politics of Identity in Russia and Ukraine},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Pages                    = {273--303},

  Publisher                = {Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore, MD}
}

@Article{gorodnichenko2010culture,
  Title                    = {Culture, Institutions and the Wealth of Nations},
  Author                   = {Gorodnichenko, Yuriy and Roland, Gerard},
  Journal                  = {Review of Economics and Statistics},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Number                   = {0},

  Publisher                = {MIT Press}
}

@Article{gould2012long,
  Title                    = {The Long-run Effect of 9/11: Terrorism, Backlash, and the Assimilation of Muslim Immigrants in the West},
  Author                   = {Gould, Eric D. and Klor, Esteban F.},
  Journal                  = {The Economic Journal},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Number                   = {597},
  Pages                    = {2064--2114},
  Volume                   = {126},

  Abstract                 = {This paper investigates whether the 9/11 attacks will have a long-term impact by altering the fertility and assimilation rate of immigrants from Muslim countries in the United States. Terror attacks by Islamic groups are likely to induce a backlash against the Muslim community, and therefore, tend to raise the costs of assimilation for Muslims in the West. We test this hypothesis by exploiting variation across states in the number of hate crimes against Muslims in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. Our results show that Muslim immigrants living in states which experienced the sharpest increase in hate crimes also exhibit: (i) greater chances of marrying within their own ethnic group; (ii) higher fertility; (iii) lower female labor force participation; and (iv) lower English proficiency. Importantly, the state-level increase in hate crimes against Muslims after the 9/11 attacks was not correlated with the pre-existing state-level trend in any of these assimilation outcomes. Moreover, we do not find similar effects for any other immigrant group after the 9/11 attacks. Overall, our results show that the backlash induced by the 9/11 attacks increased the ethnic identity and demographic strength of the Muslim immigrant community in the U.S. These findings shed light on the increasing use of terror attacks on Western countries, with the concurrent rise in social and political tensions surrounding the assimilation of Muslim immigrants in several {E}uropean countries.},
  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{goyal2004political,
  Title                    = {The Political Economy of Regionalism},
  Author                   = {Goyal, Sanjeev and Staal, Klaas},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Economic Review},
  Year                     = {2004},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {563--593},
  Volume                   = {48},

  Abstract                 = {We examine the incentives of regions to unite and separate. Separation allows for greater
in2uence over the nature of political decision making while uni4cation allows regions to exploit
economies of scale in the provision of government. Our paper explores the in2uence of size,
location and the diversity within regions in shaping this trade-o8. We then examine the way
in which alternative political institutions aggregate regional preferences and thereby de4ne the
number of countries.},
  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Book{grasser1998histoire,
  Title                    = {Une Histoire de l'{A}lsace},
  Author                   = {Grasser, Jean-Paul},
  Publisher                = {{\'E}ditions Jean-Paul Gisserot},
  Year                     = {1998},
  Volume                   = {1}
}

@InCollection{greenhill2013age,
  Title                    = {The Age of Choice: Developing Countries in the New Aid Landscape},
  Author                   = {Greenhill, Romilly and Prizzon, Annalisa and Rogerson, Andrew},
  Booktitle                = {The Fragmentation of Aid},
  Publisher                = {Springer},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Pages                    = {137--151}
}

@Article{grigoriadis2006political,
  Title                    = {Political Participation of Turkey's Kurds and Alevis: A Challenge for Turkey's Democratic Consolidation},
  Author                   = {Grigoriadis, Ioannis N.},
  Journal                  = {Southeast {E}uropean and Black Sea Studies},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {445--461},
  Volume                   = {6},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@PhdThesis{grohmann1999problems,
  Title                    = {The Problems of Integrating Annexed {L}orraine into {F}rance, 1918-1925},
  Author                   = {Grohmann, Carolyn},
  Year                     = {1999},

  Publisher                = {University of Stirling}
}

@Article{grosjean2014,
  Title                    = {A History Of Violence: The Culture Of Honor And Homicide In The US South},
  Author                   = {Grosjean, Pauline},
  Journal                  = {Journal of the {E}uropean Economic Association},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {1285--1316},
  Volume                   = {12},

  Publisher                = {{E}uropean Economic Association}
}

@Article{guiso2016long,
  Title                    = {Long-term Persistence},
  Author                   = {Guiso, Luigi and Sapienza, Paola and Zingales, Luigi},
  Journal                  = {Journal of the {E}uropean Economic Association},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1401--1436},
  Volume                   = {14},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Unpublished{guiso14,
  Title                    = {Long Term Persistence, mimeo},
  Author                   = {Guiso, Luigi and Sapienza, Paola and Zingales, Luigi},
  Year                     = {2014}
}

@PhdThesis{Gunay2015,
  Title                    = {International Trade and Political Independence},
  Author                   = {Gunay, Ibrahim},
  Year                     = {2015}
}

@Article{gunter1988kurdish,
  Title                    = {The Kurdish Problem in Turkey},
  Author                   = {Gunter, Michael M.},
  Journal                  = {The Middle East Journal},
  Year                     = {1988},
  Pages                    = {389--406},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{hopel2012french,
  author    = {H{\"o}pel, Thomas},
  journal   = {{E}uropean History Online (EGO)},
  title     = {The {F}rench-{G}erman Borderlands: Borderlands and Nation-Building in the 19th and 20th Centuries},
  year      = {2012},
  publisher = {Deutsche Nationalbibliothek},
}

@Book{hacker2006american,
  Title                    = {American Indian Mortality in the Late Nineteenth Century: The Impact of Federal Assimilation Policies on a Vulnerable Population},
  Author                   = {Hacker, J. David and Haines, Michael R.},
  Publisher                = {Belin},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {2}
}

@Article{hall1999social,
  Title                    = {Social Capital in Britain},
  Author                   = {Hall, Peter A.},
  Journal                  = {British Jurnal of Political Science},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {03},
  Pages                    = {417--461},
  Volume                   = {29},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@article{Hall2019,
  title={Wealth, Slaveownership, and Fighting for the Confederacy: An Empirical Study of the American Civil War},
  author={Hall, Andrew B and Huff, Connor and Kuriwaki, Shiro},
  journal={American Political Science Review},
  pages={1--16},
  year={2019}
}

@Article{han2011dog,
  Title                    = {The Dog that Hasn't Barked: Assimilation and Resistance in Inner Mongolia, China},
  Author                   = {Han, Enze},
  Journal                  = {Asian Ethnicity},
  Year                     = {2011},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {55--75},
  Volume                   = {12},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Book{harp1998,
  Title                    = {Learning to be Loyal: Primary Schooling as Nation Building in {A}lsace and {L}orraine, 1850-1940.},
  Author                   = {Harp, Stephen L.},
  Publisher                = {De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press},
  Year                     = {1998},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Pages                    = {106-109},
  Timestamp                = {2016.03.10}
}

@Article{harvey1999lost,
  Title                    = {Lost Children or Enemy Aliens? {C}lassifying the Population of {A}lsace After the {First World War}},
  Author                   = {Harvey, David Allen},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Contemporary History},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {537--554},
  Volume                   = {34},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{haskins1924franco,
  Title                    = {Franco-German Frontiers},
  Author                   = {Haskins, Charles H.},
  Journal                  = {Foreign Affairs},
  Year                     = {1924},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {199},
  Volume                   = {3},

  Publisher                = {Council on Foreign Relations}
}

@Article{head2008detection,
  Title                    = {Detection of Local Interactions from the Spatial Pattern of Names in {F}rance},
  Author                   = {Head, Keith and Mayer, Thierry},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Regional Science},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {67--95},
  Volume                   = {48},

  Abstract                 = {Using data on the geographic distribution of names in {F}rance, we investigate
the social transmission of parental preferences. Drawing on recent work on nonmarket
interactions, we develop a linear discrete choice model that relates choices made
in one location to those made in nearby areas. We explain the shares of parents that give
their children Saint, Arabic, and American-type names. We also examine the effect of
distance between locations on differences in naming patterns. We find that the importance
of geographic distance is declining over time while differences in class and national
origins have increasing explanatory power.},
  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{heffernan2001history,
  Title                    = {History, Geography and the French National Space: The Question of {A}lsace-{L}orraine, 1914-18},
  Author                   = {Heffernan, Michael},
  Journal                  = {Space and Polity},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {27--48},
  Volume                   = {5},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis},
  Timestamp                = {2015.10.23}
}

@Article{helbling2009debate,
  Title                    = {Debate: Charles Tilly and Switzerland: Introduction},
  Author                   = {Helbling, Marc and Koller, Andreas},
  Journal                  = {Swiss Political Science Review},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {317--394},
  Volume                   = {15},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{henderson2010comparative,
  Title                    = {A Comparative Analysis of Voter Turnout in Regional Elections},
  Author                   = {Henderson, Ailsa and McEwen, Nicola},
  Journal                  = {Electoral Studies},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {405--416},
  Volume                   = {29},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{Hepburn2008,
  author    = {Eve Hepburn},
  journal   = {Regional \& Federal Studies},
  title     = {The Rise and Fall of an "Europe of the Regions"},
  year      = {2008},
  number    = {5},
  pages     = {537-555},
  volume    = {18},
  abstract  = {This article explores the diverse ways in which parties operating in regional contexts have responded to, interpreted, and used the imagery of an "Europe of the Regions to advance their territorial demands. It is demonstrated that parties have not had consistent positions on Europe, rather, they have exhibited a cyclical quality, moving back and forth in response to perceived opportunities for regional action in Europe. Whilst many parties were cautious of Europe in the late 1970s, by the early 1990s there was a convergence of regional party support for a a "Europe of the Regions". This goal was advocated by minority nationalist and state-wide parties alike, causing the former to moderate their claims and the latter to strengthen their territorial demands. However, growing frustration with the apparent neglect of regional interests in the {E}uropean project caused parties to revert back to earlier or more Euro-sceptical positions in the late 1990s, heralding the decline and fall of a Europe of the Regions.},
  doi       = {10.1080/13597560802351572},
  eprint    = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13597560802351572},
  owner     = {gehring},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  timestamp = {2018.02.07},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13597560802351572},
}

@Article{hiery1870wahlen,
  Title                    = {Wahlen und Wahlverhalten im Reichsland Elsa{\ss}-Lothringen},
  Author                   = {Hiery, Hermann},
  Journal                  = {Angelo Ara/Eberhard Kolb (Hg.): Grenzregionen im Zeitalter der Nationalismen: Elsa{\ss}-Lothringen/Trient--Triest},
  Year                     = {1870},
  Pages                    = {71--89},
  Volume                   = {1914}
}

@Article{hix2007punishment,
  Title                    = {Punishment or protest? Understanding {E}uropean parliament elections},
  Author                   = {Hix, Simon and Marsh, Michael},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Politics},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {495--510},
  Volume                   = {69},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{hobolt2012citizen,
  author    = {Hobolt, Sara B.},
  title     = {Citizen Satisfaction with Democracy in the {{E}uropean Union}},
  journal   = {JCMS: {J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  year      = {2012},
  volume    = {50},
  pages     = {88--105},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
}

@Article{hobolt2016turning,
  author    = {Hobolt, Sara B. and De Vries, Catherine},
  title     = {Turning Against the Union? {T}he Impact of the Crisis on the {{E}urosceptic} Vote in the 2014 {{E}uropean} Parliament Elections},
  journal   = {Electoral Studies},
  year      = {2016},
  volume    = {44},
  pages     = {504--514},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
}

@Article{hobolt2011religious,
  Title                    = {Religious Intolerance and {E}uroscepticism},
  Author                   = {Hobolt, Sara B. and Van der Brug, Wouter and De Vreese, Claes H. and Boomgaarden, Hajo G. and Hinrichsen, Malte C.},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Union Politics},
  Year                     = {2011},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {359--379},
  Volume                   = {12}
}

@InCollection{hobsbawm1994,
  Title                    = {The Nation as an Invented Tradition},
  Author                   = {Hobsbawm, E.},
  Booktitle                = {Nationalism},
  Publisher                = {Oxford University Press},
  Year                     = {1994},

  Address                  = {Oxford},
  Editor                   = {J. Hutchinson \& A. D. Smith (Eds.)},
  Pages                    = {76--82},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2016.02.25}
}

@Book{hobsbawm1990,
  Title                    = {Myths and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality},
  Author                   = {Hobsbawm, E},
  Publisher                = {Cambridge: Cambridge University Press},
  Year                     = {1990}
}

@Article{hoff2006discrimination,
  Title                    = {Discrimination, Social Identity, and Durable Inequalities},
  Author                   = {Hoff, Karla and Pandey, Priyanka},
  Journal                  = {The American Economic Review},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {206--211},
  Volume                   = {96},

  Abstract                 = {What are the mechanisms by which societal discrimination affects individual achievement, and why do the effects of past discrimination endure once legal barriers are removed? We report the findings of two experiments in village India that suggest that the mechanisms of discrimination operate, in part, within the individ- uals who are members of the groups who have been discriminated against. We demonstrate that publicly revealing an individual's membership in such a group alters his behavior in ways that make the effects of past discrimination persist over time.},
  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{holitscher1999paradox,
  Title                    = {The Paradox of Economic Globalisation and Political Fragmentation: Secessionist Movements in Quebec and Scotland},
  Author                   = {Holitscher, Marc and Suter, Roy},
  Journal                  = {Global Society: Journal of Interdisciplinary International Relations},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {257--286},
  Volume                   = {13},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{hooghe2008,
  Title                    = {{E}uropean Union?},
  Author                   = {Hooghe, Liesbet and Marks, Gary},
  Journal                  = {West {E}uropean Politics},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {1-2},
  Pages                    = {108--129},
  Volume                   = {31},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{hooghe1996europe,
  Title                    = {"Europe with the Regions": Channels of Regional Representation in the {E}uropean Union},
  Author                   = {Hooghe, Liesbet and Marks, Gary},
  Journal                  = {Publius: The Journal of Federalism},
  Year                     = {1996},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {73--92},
  Volume                   = {26},

  Publisher                = {CSF Associates}
}

@Book{WEber19,
  Title                    = {The French Army and Politics, 1870-1970},
  Author                   = {Horne, Alistair},
  Publisher                = {Macmillan London},
  Year                     = {1984},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2015.10.23}
}

@Article{huici1997comparative,
  Title                    = {Comparative Identity and Evaluation of Socio-political Change: Perceptions of the {E}uropean Community as a Function of the Salience of Regional Identities},
  Author                   = {Huici, Carmen and Ros, Maria and Cano, Ignacio and Hopkins, Nicholas and Emler, Nicholas and Carmona, Mercedes and others},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Journal of Social Psychology},
  Year                     = {1997},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {97--113},
  Volume                   = {27}
}

@Book{hummer2006politics,
  Title                    = {Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: {A}lsace and the Frankish Realm, 600-1000},
  Author                   = {Hummer, Hans J.},
  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Volume                   = {65}
}

@Book{hyslop1968french,
  Title                    = {French Nationalism in 1789, According to the General Cahiers},
  Author                   = {Hyslop, Beatrice Fry},
  Publisher                = {New York: Octagon Books, 1968 [c1934]},
  Year                     = {1968}
}

@Article{ibrahim2000transformation,
  Title                    = {The Transformation of Ethno-regional Identities in Nigeria},
  Author                   = {Ibrahim, Jibrin},
  Journal                  = {Identity transformation and identity politics under structural adjustment in Nigeria},
  Year                     = {2000},
  Pages                    = {24--40}
}

@Article{imbens2012optimal,
  Title                    = {Optimal Bandwidth Choice for the Regression Discontinuity Estimator.},
  Author                   = {Imbens, Guido and Kalyanaraman, Karthik},
  Journal                  = {The Review of Economic Studies},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {933 - 959},
  Volume                   = {79}
}

@Article{imbens2011regression,
  Title                    = {Regression Discontinuity Design with Multiple Forcing Variables},
  Author                   = {Imbens, Guido and Zajonc, Tristan},
  Journal                  = {Report, Harvard University.[972]},
  Year                     = {2011}
}

@Book{jacob1905bismarck,
  Title                    = {Bismarck und die Erwerbung Elsass-Lothringens 1870/71},
  Author                   = {Jacob, Karl},
  Publisher                = {E. van Hauten},
  Year                     = {1905},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2015.10.23}
}

@InBook{Bullmann1997,
  Title                    = {The Regional Dimension of the {E}uropean Union: Towards a Third Level in Europe?},
  Author                   = {Jeffery, Charlie},
  Chapter                  = {Bullmann, U.: The politics of the third level},
  Editor                   = {Frank Cass.},
  Publisher                = {Routledge},
  Year                     = {2015},

  Address                  = {London:}
}

@Article{Jeffery2000,
  Title                    = {Sub-National Mobilization and {E}uropean Integration: Does it Make any Difference?},
  Author                   = {Jeffery, Charlie},
  Journal                  = {JCMS: {J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  Year                     = {2000},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {1--23},
  Volume                   = {38},

  Abstract                 = {Work on multi-level governance has refashioned conceptions in politicalscience of EU politics and policy-making, giving due weight for the first timeto the importance of sub-national actors. This article builds on the pioneeringcontributions on multi-level governance by Gary Marks and others to developa framework for analysis rooted in the functions of sub-national authorities intheir domestic political contexts. This domestic politics approach to multi-level governance is then developed, through consideration of a series ofvariables, to address a question which has rarely been posed hitherto: do theEU-focused activities of sub-national governments actually make any differencein the structure of authoritative decision-making in the EU?},
  Doi                      = {10.1111/1468-5965.00206},
  ISSN                     = {1468-5965},
  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Publisher                = {Blackwell Publishers Ltd},
  Timestamp                = {2018.02.07},
  Url                      = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00206}
}

@Book{jega2000identity,
  Title                    = {Identity Transformation and Identity Politics Under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria},
  Author                   = {Jega, Attahiru},
  Publisher                = {Nordic Africa Institute},
  Year                     = {2000}
}

@Article{jetten2001rebels,
  Title                    = {Rebels with a Cause: Group Identification as a Response to Perceived Discrimination from the Mainstream},
  Author                   = {Jetten, Jolanda and Branscombe, Nyla R. and Schmitt, Michael T. and Spears, Russell},
  Journal                  = {Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {9},
  Pages                    = {1204--1213},
  Volume                   = {27},

  Publisher                = {SAGE Publications}
}

@Article{jha2012does,
  Title                    = {Does Combat Experience Foster Organizational Skill? Evidence from Ethnic Cleansing During the Partition of South Asia},
  Author                   = {Jha, Saumitra and Wilkinson, Steven},
  Journal                  = {American Political Science Review},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {04},
  Pages                    = {883--907},
  Volume                   = {106},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@Article{jia2015individual,
  Title                    = {Individual vs. Social Motives in Identity Choice: Theory and Evidence from China},
  Author                   = {Jia, Ruexie and Persson, Torsten},
  Journal                  = {mimeo},
  Year                     = {2017},

  Comment                  = {This paper provides a framework to study how individual and social motives shape identity choice and applies it to the ethnic choice of children in ethnically mixed marriages. The model highlights the interaction of material benefits, identity costs, and social reputations. It is con- sistent with two motivating facts for ethnic choices in China, and also delivers a set of auxiliary predictions. The empirical tests on Chinese microdata and support for these predictions. In particular, social motives significantly crowd in changes in material motives in some localities, and crowd out the same changes in other localities. These effects are quantitatively important and statistically robust. We discuss various alternative explanations for our findings, such as bargaining, which do shed light on the pattern of ethnic choices but cannot explain our main finding on the interplay between individual material motives and social motives.},
  Institution              = {Technical report, Nov}
}

@Article{johnson2015taxes,
  Title                    = {Taxes, National Identity, and Nation Building: Evidence from {F}rance, mimeo},
  Author                   = {Johnson, Noel D.},
  Journal                  = {GMU Working Paper in Economics No. 15-33},
  Year                     = {2015}
}

@Article{jolly2007,
  Title                    = {The {E}urophile Fringe? {R}egionalist Party Support for {E}uropean Integration},
  Author                   = {Jolly, Seth Kincaid},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Union Politics},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {109--130},
  Volume                   = {8},

  Publisher                = {SAGE Publications}
}

@Article{jones2000civic,
  Title                    = {Civic Duty and Expressive Voting: Is Virtue its Own Reward?},
  Author                   = {Jones, Philip and Hudson, John},
  Journal                  = {Kyklos},
  Year                     = {2000},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {3--16},
  Volume                   = {53},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{jordan2001regional,
  Title                    = {Regional Identities and Regionalization in East-central Europe},
  Author                   = {Jordan, Peter},
  Journal                  = {Post-Soviet Geography and Economics},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {235--265},
  Volume                   = {42},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{jory1999political,
  Title                    = {Political Decentralisation and the Resurgence of Regional Identities in Thailand},
  Author                   = {Jory, Patrick},
  Journal                  = {Australian Journal of Social Issues},
  Year                     = {1999},

  Month                    = {Nov},
  Volume                   = {34},

  Publisher                = {Australian Social Policy Association}
}

@Book{kant1897perpetual,
  Title                    = {Perpetual Peace: A Philosophic Essay},
  Author                   = {Kant, Immanuel},
  Publisher                = {American Peace Society},
  Year                     = {1897}
}
{keating2004{E}uropean,
  Title                    = {{E}uropean Integration and the Nationalities Question},
  Author                   = {Keating, Michael},
  Journal                  = {Politics \& Society},
  Year                     = {2004},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {367--388},
  Volume                   = {32},

  Publisher                = {Sage Publications}
}

@Article{keele2015geo,
  Title                    = {Geographic Boundaries as Regression Discontinuities},
  Author                   = {Keele, Luke J. and Titiunik, Rocio},
  Journal                  = {Political Analysis},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Pages                    = {mpu014},

  Publisher                = {SPM-PMSAPSA}
}

@Article{kinsella2005no,
  Title                    = {No rest for the democratic peace},
  Author                   = {Kinsella, David},
  Journal                  = {American Political Science Review},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {453--457},
  Volume                   = {99},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@Article{knack1992,
  Title                    = {Civic Norms, Social Sanctions, and Voter Turnout},
  Author                   = {Knack, Stephen},
  Journal                  = {Rationality and Society},
  Year                     = {1992},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {133--156},
  Volume                   = {4},

  Publisher                = {Sage Publications}
}

@Article{knack1997does,
  Title                    = {Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-country Investigation},
  Author                   = {Knack, Stephen and Keefer, Philip},
  Journal                  = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  Year                     = {1997},
  Pages                    = {1251--1288},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{knack2013aid,
  Title                    = {Aid Tying and Donor Fragmentation},
  Author                   = {Knack, Stephen and Smets, Lodewijk},
  Journal                  = {World Development},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {63--76},
  Volume                   = {44},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{kranton2016identity,
  author  = {Kranton, Rachel E.},
  title   = {Identity Economics 2016: Where Do Social Distinctions and Norms Come From?},
  journal = {American Economic Review},
  year    = {2016},
  volume  = {106},
  number  = {5},
  pages   = {405--09},
}

@Article{de1948reform,
  Title                    = {The Reform of the French Civil Code},
  Author                   = {de La Morandi{\`e}re, L. J.},
  Journal                  = {University of Pennsylvania Law Review},
  Year                     = {1948},
  Pages                    = {1--21},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{laffan1996politics,
  Title                    = {The Politics of Identity and Political Order in Europe},
  Author                   = {Laffan, Brigid},
  Journal                  = {JCMS: {J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  Year                     = {1996},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {81--102},
  Volume                   = {34},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{lancelot1970atlas,
  Title                    = {Atlas des {\'e}lections fran{\c{c}}aises de 1968 et 1969},
  Author                   = {Lancelot, Marie-Th{\'e}r{\`e}se and Lancelot, Alain},
  Journal                  = {Revue fran{\c{c}}aise de science politique},
  Year                     = {1970},
  Pages                    = {312--328},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{larrain1997emerging,
  Title                    = {Emerging Market Risk and Sovereign Credit Ratings},
  Author                   = {Larra{\'\i}n, Guillermo and Reisen, Helmut and Von Maltzan, Julia},
  Journal                  = {OECD Development Centre Working Papers No. 124},
  Year                     = {1997},

  Publisher                = {OECD Publishing}
}

@Article{lawson2013foreign,
  Title                    = {Foreign Aid: International Donor Coordination of Development Assistance},
  Author                   = {Lawson, Marian Leonardo},
  Journal                  = {CRS Report for Congress},
  Year                     = {2013}
}

@Article{leach2010group,
  Title                    = {Group Devaluation and Group Identification},
  Author                   = {Leach, Colin Wayne and Mosquera, Patricia M Rodriguez and Vliek, Michael LW and Hirt, Emily},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Social Issues},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {535--552},
  Volume                   = {66},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Book{leed1981,
  Title                    = {No Man's Land: Combat and Identity in World War 1},
  Author                   = {Leed, Eric J},
  Publisher                = {Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge},
  Year                     = {1981}
}

@Article{leigh1975linkage,
  Title                    = {Linkage Politics: The French Referendum and the Paris Summit of 1972},
  Author                   = {Leigh, Michael},
  Journal                  = {JCMS: {J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  Year                     = {1975},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {157--170},
  Volume                   = {14},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{leleu1976french,
  Title                    = {The French Referendum of April 23, 1972},
  Author                   = {Leleu, Claude},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Journal of Political Research},
  Year                     = {1976},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {25--46},
  Volume                   = {4},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{Levy07,
  title={Federalism, liberalism, and the separation of loyalties},
  author={Levy, Jacob T},
  journal={American Political Science Review},
  volume={101},
  number={3},
  pages={459--477},
  year={2007},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press}
}

@Article{lien1994ethnicity,
  Title                    = {Ethnicity and Political Participation: A Comparison Between Asian and Mexican {A}mericans},
  Author                   = {Lien, P.},
  Journal                  = {Political Behavior},
  Year                     = {1994},
  Pages                    = {237--264},
  Volume                   = {16},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Article{lindgren2010input,
  Title                    = {Input and output legitimacy: synergy or trade-off? Empirical evidence from an EU survey},
  Author                   = {Lindgren, Karl-Oskar and Persson, Thomas},
  Journal                  = {Journal of {E}uropean Public Policy},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {449--467},
  Volume                   = {17},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{lipgens1964bismarck,
  Title                    = {{Bismarck, die {\"O}ffentliche Meinung und die Annexion von Elsa{\ss} und Lothringen 1870}},
  Author                   = {Lipgens, Walter},
  Journal                  = {Historische Zeitschrift},
  Year                     = {1964},
  Number                   = {JG},
  Pages                    = {31--144},
  Volume                   = {199}
}

@Book{loew2011danzig,
  Title                    = {Danzig: Biographie einer Stadt},
  Author                   = {Loew, Peter Oliver},
  Publisher                = {CH Beck},
  Year                     = {2011}
}

@Article{lott1999,
  Title                    = {Public Schooling, Indoctrination, and Totalitarianism},
  Author                   = {Lott, Jr, John R},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Political Economy},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {S6},
  Pages                    = {127--157},
  Volume                   = {107},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Book{loughlin2001subnational,
  Title                    = {Subnational Democracy in the {E}uropean Union: Challenges and Opportunities: Challenges and Opportunities},
  Author                   = {Loughlin, John},
  Publisher                = {Oxford University Press},
  Year                     = {2001}
}

@Article{Cuba2017,
  author    = {Lowes, Sara and Nunn, Nathan and Robinson, James A. and Weigel, Jonathan L.},
  journal   = {Econometrica},
  title     = {The Evolution of Culture and Institutions: Evidence From the Kuba Kingdom},
  year      = {2017},
  issn      = {1468-0262},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {1065--1091},
  volume    = {85},
  doi       = {10.3982/ECTA14139},
  keywords  = {Culture , values , institutions , state centralization},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
  url       = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ECTA14139},
}

@Article{Majone1998,
  author  = {Majone, Giandomenico},
  title   = {Europe's "Democratic Deficit": The Question of Standards},
  journal = {{E}uropean Law Journal},
  year    = {1998},
  volume  = {4},
  number  = {1},
  pages   = {5--28},
}

@Article{majone1998europe,
  author    = {Majone, Giandomenico},
  title     = {Europe's democratic deficit: The question of standards},
  journal   = {{E}uropean law journal},
  year      = {1998},
  volume    = {4},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {5--28},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
}

@Article{mandrino2008,
  Title                    = {The {L}isbon {T}reaty and the New Powers of Regions},
  Author                   = {Mandrino, Claudio},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Journal of Law Reform},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Pages                    = {515},
  Volume                   = {10},

  Publisher                = {HeinOnline}
}

@Article{Manning2010,
  Title                    = {Culture Clash or Culture Club? National Identity in Britain},
  Author                   = {Manning, Alan and Roy, Sanchari},
  Journal                  = {The Economic Journal},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {542},
  Pages                    = {F72--F100},
  Volume                   = {120},

  Abstract                 = {This article investigates the extent and determinants of British identity among those living in Britain,
a source of considerable contemporary angst. We find no evidence for a culture clash in general, and
one connected with Muslims in particular. The vast majority of those born in Britain, of whatever
ethnicity or religion, think of themselves as British. Newly arrived immigrants almost never think of
themselves as British but the longer they remain in the UK, the more likely it is that they do. This
process of assimilation is faster for those from poorer and less democratic countries.},
  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{marks1996social,
  Title                    = {Social Movements and the Changing Structure of Political Opportunity in the {E}uropean Union},
  Author                   = {Marks, Gary and McAdam, Doug},
  Journal                  = {West {E}uropean Politics},
  Year                     = {1996},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {249--278},
  Volume                   = {19},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{marks1996competencies,
  Title                    = {Competencies, Cracks, and Conflicts Regional Mobilization in the {E}uropean Union},
  Author                   = {Marks, Gary and Nielsen, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Ray, Leonard and Salk, Jane E.},
  Journal                  = {Comparative Political Studies},
  Year                     = {1996},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {164--192},
  Volume                   = {29},

  Publisher                = {Sage Publications}
}

@Article{martin1998theories,
  Title                    = {Theories and empirical studies of international institutions},
  Author                   = {Martin, Lisa L and Simmons, Beth A},
  Journal                  = {{I}nternational {O}rganization},
  Year                     = {1998},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {729--757},
  Volume                   = {52},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@Article{matsusaka1995explaining,
  Title                    = {Explaining Voter Turnout Patterns: An Information Theory},
  Author                   = {Matsusaka, John G},
  Journal                  = {Public choice},
  Year                     = {1995},
  Number                   = {1-2},
  Pages                    = {91--117},
  Volume                   = {84},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Article{mclaren2002public,
  Title                    = {Public support for the {E}uropean Union: cost/benefit analysis or perceived cultural threat?},
  Author                   = {McLaren, Lauren M},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Politics},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {551--566},
  Volume                   = {64},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{mclaughlin2007international,
  author    = {McLaughlin Mitchell, Sara and Hensel, Paul R},
  title     = {International Institutions and Compliance with Agreements},
  journal   = {American Journal of Political Science},
  year      = {2007},
  volume    = {51},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {721--737},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
}

@Article{mearsheimer1994false,
  Title                    = {The false promise of international institutions},
  Author                   = {Mearsheimer, John J},
  Journal                  = {International security},
  Year                     = {1994},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {5--49},
  Volume                   = {19},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Book{Messerschmidt1975,
  Title                    = {Milit{\"a}r und Politik in der Bismarckzeit und im Wilhelminischen Deutschland},
  Author                   = {Messerschmidt, Manfred},
  Publisher                = {Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.},
  Year                     = {1975},
  Volume                   = {43}
}

@Article{michalopoulos2012origins,
  Title                    = {The Origins of Ethnolinguistic Diversity},
  Author                   = {Michalopoulos, Stelios},
  Journal                  = {The American Economic Review},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {1508},
  Volume                   = {102},

  Publisher                = {NIH Public Access}
}

@Article{Michalopoulos2016,
  author    = {Michalopoulos, Stelios and Papaioannou, Elias},
  title     = {The Long-run Effects of the Scramble for Africa},
  journal   = {American Economic Review},
  year      = {2016},
  volume    = {106},
  number    = {7},
  pages     = {1802-1848},
  owner     = {gehring},
  timestamp = {2016.01.27},
}

@Article{michalopoulos2014national,
  Title                    = {National Institutions and Subnational Development in Africa},
  Author                   = {Michalopoulos, Stelios and Papaioannou, Elias},
  Journal                  = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {151-213},
  Volume                   = {129},

  Publisher                = {Oxford University Press}
}

@Article{michalopoulos2013pre,
  Title                    = {Pre-colonial Ethnic Institutions and Contemporary {A}frican Development},
  Author                   = {Michalopoulos, Stelios and Papaioannou, Elias},
  Journal                  = {Econometrica},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {113--152},
  Volume                   = {81},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Book{mill1865,
  Title                    = {Considerations on Representative Government},
  Author                   = {Mill, John Stuart},
  Publisher                = {Longmans, Green, and Company},
  Year                     = {1865}
}

@Article{minghi1997voting,
  Title                    = {Voting and Borderland Minorities: Recent Italian Elections and the Slovene Minority in Eastern Fiuli-Venezia Giulia},
  Author                   = {Minghi, Julian V.},
  Journal                  = {GeoJournal},
  Year                     = {1997},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {263--271},
  Volume                   = {43},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Article{mingione1993italy,
  Title                    = {Italy: The Resurgence of Regionalism},
  Author                   = {Mingione, Enzo},
  Journal                  = {International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-)},
  Year                     = {1993},
  Pages                    = {305--318},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{minkenberg2009religion,
  author    = {Minkenberg, Michael},
  journal   = {West {E}uropean Politics},
  title     = {Religion and {E}uroscepticism: Cleavages, Religious Parties and Churches in {EU} Member States},
  year      = {2009},
  number    = {6},
  pages     = {1190--1211},
  volume    = {32},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
}

@Article{mols2009eu,
  Title                    = {EU identification and endorsement in context: The importance of regional identity salience},
  Author                   = {Mols, Frank and Jetten, Jolanda and Haslam, S Alexander},
  Journal                  = {JCMS: {J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {601--623},
  Volume                   = {47},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Book{von1907franco,
  Title                    = {The Franco-German War of 1870-71},
  Author                   = {von Moltke, Helmuth Graf},
  Publisher                = {Harper},
  Year                     = {1907},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2015.10.23}
}

@Article{moore2008europe,
  Title                    = {A Europe of the regions vs. the regions in Europe: reflections on regional engagement in Brussels},
  Author                   = {Moore, Carolyn},
  Journal                  = {Regional \& Federal Studies},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {517--535},
  Volume                   = {18},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{moravcsik2002reassessing,
  Title                    = {Reassessing legitimacy in the {E}uropean {U}nion},
  Author                   = {Moravcsik, Andrew},
  Journal                  = {JCMS: {J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {603--624},
  Volume                   = {40},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Book{moravcsik1998choice,
  author = {Moravcsik, Andrew},
  title  = {The Choice for Europe},
  year   = {1998},
  publisher = {UK: Routledge},
}

@Article{moravcsik1993preferences,
  Title                    = {Preferences and power in the {E}uropean Community: a liberal intergovernmentalist approach},
  Author                   = {Moravcsik, Andrew},
  Journal                  = {JCMS: {J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  Year                     = {1993},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {473--524},
  Volume                   = {31},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{moravcsik1991negotiating,
  Title                    = {Negotiating the Single {E}uropean Act: {N}ational interests and conventional statecraft in the {E}uropean Community},
  Author                   = {Moravcsik, Andrew},
  Journal                  = {{I}nternational {O}rganization},
  Year                     = {1991},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {19--56},
  Volume                   = {45},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@Article{moreno1998multiple,
  Title                    = {Multiple Identities in Decentralized Spain: The Case of Catalonia},
  Author                   = {Moreno, Luis and Arriba, Ana and Serrano, Araceli},
  Journal                  = {Regional \& Federal Studies},
  Year                     = {1998},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {65--88},
  Volume                   = {8},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{moser2012taste,
  Title                    = {Taste-based Discrimination Evidence from a Shift in Ethnic Preferences after WWI},
  Author                   = {Moser, Petra},
  Journal                  = {Explorations in Economic History},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {167--188},
  Volume                   = {49},

  Abstract                 = {This paper uses program notes from the Metropolitan opera to quantify changes in ethnic preferences as a result of news of German atrocities during World War I; these data indicate that the War created a persistent shift in ethnic preferences, which effectively switched the status of German {A}mericans from a mainstream ethnicity to an ethnic minority until the late 1920s. Difference-in-difference analyses investigate whether this shift in preferences triggered taste-based discrimination in one of the world's most elite professional settings: applications to trade at the NYSE. This analysis indicates that changes in preferences more than doubled the probability that applicants with German-sounding names would be rejected. Placebo regressions for other non-German minorities yield no evidence of taste effects. Equivalent regressions that distinguish German Jewish from other Jewish applicants, however, indicate that German Jewish applicants were similarly affected as were other Germans.},
  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{nagel2004transcending,
  Title                    = {Transcending the National / Asserting the National: How Stateless Nations like Scotland, Wales and Catalonia React to {E}uropean Integration},
  Author                   = {Nagel, K.-J.},
  Journal                  = {Australian Journal of Politics \& History},
  Year                     = {2004},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {57--74},
  Volume                   = {50},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{nelsen2003religion,
  Title                    = {Religion and Youth Support for the {E}uropean Union},
  Author                   = {Nelsen, Brent F and Guth, James L},
  Journal                  = {JCMS: {J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  Year                     = {2003},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {89--112},
  Volume                   = {41},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{nelsen2001does,
  Title                    = {Does Religion Matter? Christianity and Public Support for the {E}uropean Union},
  Author                   = {Nelsen, Brent F and Guth, James L and Fraser, Cleveland R},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Union Politics},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {191--217},
  Volume                   = {2},

  Publisher                = {SAGE Publications}
}

@Article{nix2015fluidity,
  author      = {Nix, Emily and Qian, Nancy},
  title       = {The Fluidity of Race: Passing in the United States, 1880-1940},
  journal     = {NBER Working Paper No. 20828},
  year        = {2015},
  abstract    = {This paper quantifies the extent to which individuals experience changes in reported racial identity
in the historical U.S. context. Using the full population of historical Censuses for 1880-1940, we document
that over 19% of black males xxx for white at some point during their lifetime, around 10% of
whom later xxx to being black; passing was accompanied by geographic relocation to
communities with a higher percentage of whites and occurred the most in Northern states. The evidence
suggests that passing was positively associated with better political-economic and social opportunities
for whites relative to blacks. As such, endogenous race is likely to be a quantitatively important phenomenon.},
  institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
}

@Article{nunn2009importance,
  Title                    = {The Importance of History for Economic Development},
  Author                   = {Nunn, Nathan},
  Journal                  = {NBER Working Paper No. W14899},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {w14899}
}

@Article{nunn2007long,
  Title                    = {The Long-term Effects of Africa's Slave Trades},
  Author                   = {Nunn, Nathan},
  Journal                  = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {139--176},
  Volume                   = {123},

  Publisher                = {MIT Press}
}

@Article{nunn2007historical,
  Title                    = {Historical Legacies: A Model Linking Africa's Past to its Current Underdevelopment},
  Author                   = {Nunn, Nathan},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Development Economics},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {157--175},
  Volume                   = {83},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{nunn2012ruggedness,
  Title                    = {Ruggedness: The Blessing of Bad Geography in Africa},
  Author                   = {Nunn, Nathan and Puga, Diego},
  Journal                  = {Review of Economics and Statistics},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {20--36},
  Volume                   = {94},

  Publisher                = {MIT Press}
}

@Article{nunn2011slave,
  Title                    = {The Slave Trade and the Origins of Mistrust in Africa},
  Author                   = {Nunn, Nathan and Wantchekon, Leonard},
  Journal                  = {The American Economic Review},
  Year                     = {2011},
  Pages                    = {3221--3252},
  Volume                   = {101}
}

@Article{roesel2017,
  author    = {Ochsner, Christian and Roesel, Felix},
  journal   = {CESifo Working Paper 6586},
  title     = {Activating History -- The {T}urkish Sieges of {V}ienna, Anti-{T}urkish Campaigns, and the Rise of Right-Wing Populism},
  year      = {2017},
  owner     = {gehring},
  timestamp = {2017.06.26},
}

@Article{Ogbu2004,
  Title                    = {Collective Identity and the Burden of "Acting White'' in Black History, Community, and Education},
  Author                   = {Ogbu, John U.},
  Journal                  = {The Urban Review},
  Year                     = {2004},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {1--35},
  Volume                   = {36},

  Abstract                 = {After more than 15 years of comparative study of minority education, I concluded that I would have to study two additional factors, namely collective identity and cultural frame of reference to more fully explain the variability in minority school performance. In 1986, I published an article with Signithia Fordham on how ``oppositional collective identity and cultural frame of reference'' or oppositional culture contributed to Black students' school performance. Many critics have misinterpreted the joint article and even constructed a different thesis of oppositional culture than the one we proposed in the joint article. The thesis is that Black students do not aspire to or strive to get good grades because it is perceived as ``acting White.'' Furthermore, they have translated my cultural--ecological theory into an oppositional culture theory. I am writing this paper to correct the misinterpretations of the joint article in order to advance scholarship on the subject. I begin by explaining the meaning of collective identity and distinguishing it from other concepts of identity. Specifically, I summarize the evolution of oppositional collective identity and cultural frame of reference or oppositional culture among Black {A}mericans and discuss the Black experience with the ``burden of `acting White''' in the contemporary United States. Finally, I suggest some continuity between Black historical and community experiences with the ``burden of `acting White,''' as experienced by Black students.},
  Doi                      = {10.1023/B:URRE.0000042734.83194.f6},
  ISSN                     = {1573-1960},
  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2017.03.08},
  Url                      = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:URRE.0000042734.83194.f6}
}
{oneal1999{K}antian,
  Title                    = {The {K}antian peace: The pacific benefits of democracy, interdependence, and {I}nternational {O}rganizations, 1885--1992},
  Author                   = {Oneal, John R and Russett, Bruce},
  Journal                  = {World politics},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {1--37},
  Volume                   = {52},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@Article{oneal2003causes,
  Title                    = {Causes of peace: Democracy, interdependence, and {I}nternational {O}rganizations, 1885--1992},
  Author                   = {Oneal, John R and Russett, Bruce and Berbaum, Michael L},
  Journal                  = {International Studies Quarterly},
  Year                     = {2003},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {371--393},
  Volume                   = {47},

  Publisher                = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK}
}

@Article{ortega2008unilingual,
  Title                    = {Unilingual versus Bilingual Education: a Political Economy Analysis},
  Author                   = {Ortega, Javier and Tanger{\aa}s, Thomas P},
  Journal                  = {Journal of the {E}uropean Economic Association},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {1078--1108},
  Volume                   = {6},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Book{ozkirimli2010,
  Title                    = {Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction},
  Author                   = {Ozkirimli, Umut},
  Publisher                = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  Year                     = {2010}
}

@Article{paasi2009resurgence,
  Title                    = {The Resurgence of the "Region" and "Regional Identity": Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Observations on Regional Dynamics in Europe},
  Author                   = {Paasi, Anssi},
  Journal                  = {Review of International Studies},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {S1},
  Pages                    = {121--146},
  Volume                   = {35},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@Article{paquin2002globalization,
  Title                    = {Globalization, {E}uropean Integration and the Rise of Neo-nationalism in Scotland},
  Author                   = {Paquin, St{\'e}phane},
  Journal                  = {Nationalism and Ethnic Politics},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {55--80},
  Volume                   = {8},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{peleg2007losing,
  Title                    = {Losing Control? A Comparison of Majority-Minority Relations in Israel and Turkey},
  Author                   = {Peleg, Ilan and Waxman, Dov},
  Journal                  = {Nationalism and Ethnic Politics},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {431--463},
  Volume                   = {13},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Book{persson2002political,
  Title                    = {Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy},
  Author                   = {Persson, Torsten and Tabellini, Guido Enrico},
  Publisher                = {MIT press},
  Year                     = {2002}
}

@Article{pink2012electoral,
  Title                    = {The Electoral Base of Left-wing Post-communist Political Parties in the Former Czechoslovakia},
  Author                   = {Pink, Michal},
  Journal                  = {St{\v{r}}edoevropsk{\'e} Politick{\'e} Studie (CEPSR)},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {2-3},
  Pages                    = {170--192}
}

@Book{pollack2015policy,
  Title                    = {Policy-making in the {E}uropean Union},
  Author                   = {Pollack, Mark A},
  Publisher                = {Oxford University Press, USA},
  Year                     = {2015}
}

@Article{putnam1993prosperous,
  Title                    = {The Prosperous Community: Social Capital and Public Life},
  Author                   = {Putnam, Robert},
  Journal                  = {The American Prospect},
  Year                     = {1993},
  Number                   = {1995},
  Pages                    = {65--78},
  Volume                   = {13}
}

@Article{putnam2007pluribus,
  Title                    = {E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century the 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture},
  Author                   = {Putnam, Robert D},
  Journal                  = {Scandinavian Political Studies},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {137--174},
  Volume                   = {30},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Book{putnam2002democracies,
  Title                    = {Democracies in Flux: The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society},
  Author                   = {Putnam, Robert D},
  Publisher                = {Oxford University Press},
  Year                     = {2002}
}

@Article{rabinovich1979compact,
  Title                    = {The Compact Minorities and the Syrian State, 1918-45},
  Author                   = {Rabinovich, Itamar},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Contemporary History},
  Year                     = {1979},
  Pages                    = {693--712},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{ramos2012longitudinal,
  Title                    = {A Longitudinal Investigation of the Rejection--Identification Hypothesis},
  Author                   = {Ramos, Miguel R and Cassidy, Clare and Reicher, Stephen and Haslam, S Alexander},
  Journal                  = {British Journal of Social Psychology},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {642--660},
  Volume                   = {51},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{redding2011history,
  Title                    = {History and Industry Location: Evidence from German Airports},
  Author                   = {Redding, Stephen J and Sturm, Daniel M and Wolf, Nikolaus},
  Journal                  = {Review of Economics and Statistics},
  Year                     = {2011},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {814--831},
  Volume                   = {93},

  Publisher                = {MIT Press}
}

@Article{Rodden02,
  author  = {Rodden, Jonathan},
  journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
  title   = {The Dilemma of Fiscal Federalism: Grants and Fiscal Performance Around the World},
  year    = {2002},
  pages   = {670--687},
}

@Article{Rodden11,
  title={Dual accountability and the nationalization of party competition: Evidence from four federations},
  author={Rodden, Jonathan and Wibbels, Erik},
  journal={Party Politics},
  volume={17},
  number={5},
  pages={629--653},
  year={2011}
}


@Article{rogerson2005aid,
  Title                    = {Aid Harmonisation and Alignment: Bridging the Gaps Between Reality and the Paris Reform Agenda},
  Author                   = {Rogerson, Andrew},
  Journal                  = {Development Policy Review},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {531--552},
  Volume                   = {23},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{rohner2013seeds,
  Title                    = {Seeds of Distrust: Conflict in Uganda},
  Author                   = {Rohner, Dominic and Thoenig, Mathias and Zilibotti, Fabrizio},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Economic Growth},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {217--252},
  Volume                   = {18},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Article{rohner2013war,
  Title                    = {War Signals: A Theory of Trade, Trust, and Conflict},
  Author                   = {Rohner, Dominic and Thoenig, Mathias and Zilibotti, Fabrizio},
  Journal                  = {Review of Economic Studies},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {1114--1147},
  Volume                   = {80},

  Publisher                = {Oxford University Press}
}

@Article{rosorientations,
  Title                    = {Orientations of Young Men and Women to Citizenship and {E}uropean Identity},
  Author                   = {Ros, Maria and Grad, Hector and Machacek, Ladislav and Bianchi, Gabriel},
  Journal                  = {EU RESEARCH ON SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES},
  Year                     = {2005}
}

@Article{rosato2005explaining,
  author    = {Rosato, Sebastian},
  title     = {Explaining the Democratic Peace},
  journal   = {American Political Science Review},
  year      = {2005},
  volume    = {99},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {467--472},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{rosato2003flawed,
  Title                    = {The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory},
  Author                   = {Rosato, Sebastian},
  Journal                  = {American Political Science Review},
  Year                     = {2003},
  Number                   = {4},
  Volume                   = {97}
}

@Book{rose1915origins,
  Title                    = {The Origins of the War, 1871-1914},
  Author                   = {Rose, J.H.},
  Publisher                = {G. P. Putnam 's Sons},
  Year                     = {1915}
}

@Article{rotemberg2009attitude,
  Title                    = {Attitude-dependent Altruism, Turnout and Voting},
  Author                   = {Rotemberg, Julio J},
  Journal                  = {Public Choice},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {1-2},
  Pages                    = {223--244},
  Volume                   = {140},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Book{rothenberger1975,
  Title                    = {Die Elsass-lothringische Heimat- und Autonomiebewegung Zwischen den Beiden Weltkriegen},
  Author                   = {Rothenberger, Karl-Heinz},
  Publisher                = {Herbert Lang},
  Year                     = {1975},
  Volume                   = {42}
}

@Article{ruggie1992multilateralism,
  Title                    = {Multilateralism: the anatomy of an institution},
  Author                   = {Ruggie, John Gerard},
  Journal                  = {{I}nternational {O}rganization},
  Year                     = {1992},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {561--598},
  Volume                   = {46},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@Article{russett1998third,
  author    = {Russett, Bruce and Oneal, John R and Davis, David R},
  title     = {The Third Leg of the {K}antian Tripod for Peace: {I}nternational {O}rganizations and Militarized Disputes, 1950--85},
  journal   = {{I}nternational {O}rganization},
  year      = {1998},
  volume    = {52},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {441--467},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Book{Soderbaum2004,
  Title                    = {The Political Economy of Regionalism},
  Author                   = {S{\"o}derbaum, Fredrik},
  Publisher                = {Palgrave Macmillan UK},
  Year                     = {2004}
}

@Article{soderbaum2005introduction,
  Title                    = {Introduction: The EU as a Global Actor and the Role of Interregionalism},
  Author                   = {S{\"o}derbaum, Fredrik and Van Langenhove, Luk},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Integration},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {249--262},
  Volume                   = {27},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Book{sanasarian2000religious,
  Title                    = {Religious Minorities in Iran},
  Author                   = {Sanasarian, Eliz},
  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press},
  Year                     = {2000},
  Volume                   = {13}
}

@Article{schaefer2014special,
  Title                    = {Special Politics for Minority Political Participation in the Danish-German Border Region},
  Author                   = {Schaefer-Rolffs, Adrian and Schnapp, Kai-Uwe},
  Journal                  = {International Journal on Minority and Group Rights},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {48--71},
  Volume                   = {21},

  Publisher                = {Brill}
}

@Book{schaefer2013paternalistic,
  Title                    = {Paternalistic Versus Participation Oriented Minority Institutions in the Danish-German Border Region},
  Author                   = {Schaefer-Rolffs, Adrian and Schnapp, Kai-Uwe},
  Publisher                = {ECMI-{E}uropean Centre for Minority Issues},
  Year                     = {2013}
}

@Article{schmidt2013democracy,
  Title                    = {Democracy and legitimacy in the {E}uropean Union revisited: Input, output and â€˜throughputâ€™},
  Author                   = {Schmidt, Vivien A},
  Journal                  = {Political Studies},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {2--22},
  Volume                   = {61},

  Publisher                = {SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England}
}

@Article{schmitt2003constructing,
  Title                    = {Constructing a Minority Group Identity out of Shared Rejection: The Case of International Students},
  Author                   = {Schmitt, Michael T and Spears, Russell and Branscombe, Nyla R},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Journal of Social Psychology},
  Year                     = {2003},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {1--12},
  Volume                   = {33},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{Scott1994,
  Title                    = {Subsidiarity: A Europe of the Regions v. the British Constitution?},
  Author                   = {Scott, Andrew and Peterson, John and Millar, David},
  Journal                  = {{J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  Year                     = {1994},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {47--67},
  Volume                   = {32},

  ISSN                     = {1468-5965},
  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Publisher                = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
  Timestamp                = {2018.02.07}
}

@article{Sexton2016,
  title={Aid as a tool against insurgency: Evidence from contested and controlled territory in Afghanistan},
  author={Sexton, Renard},
  journal={American Political Science Review},
  volume={110},
  number={4},
  pages={731--749},
  year={2016}
}

@Article{shah2007dark,
  Title                    = {The Dark Side of Indigeneity?: Indigenous People, Rights and Development in India},
  Author                   = {Shah, Alpa},
  Journal                  = {History Compass},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1806--1832},
  Volume                   = {5},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{shayo2009,
  Title                    = {A Model of Social Identity With an Application to Political Economy: Nation, Class, and Redistribution},
  Author                   = {Shayo, Moses},
  Journal                  = {American Political Science Review},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {02},
  Pages                    = {147--174},
  Volume                   = {103},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@Book{university1961intergroup,
  Title                    = {Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment},
  Author                   = {Sherif, Muzafer and Harvey, O.J. and White, B. Jack and Hood, William R. and Sherif, Carolyn W.},
  Publisher                = {University Book Exchange Norman, OK},
  Year                     = {1961},
  Volume                   = {10}
}

@Article{shimahara1984toward,
  Title                    = {Toward the Equality of a Japanese Minority: The Case of Burakumin},
  Author                   = {Shimahara, Nobuo},
  Journal                  = {Comparative Education},
  Year                     = {1984},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {339--353},
  Volume                   = {20},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{silverman1966political,
  Title                    = {Political Catholicism and Social Democracy in {A}lsace-{L}orraine, 1871-1914},
  Author                   = {Silverman, Dan P},
  Journal                  = {The Catholic Historical Review},
  Year                     = {1966},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {39--65},
  Volume                   = {52},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{simpson2017another,
  Title                    = {Another chance? Concerns about inequality, support for the {E}uropean Union and further {E}uropean integration},
  Author                   = {Simpson, Kathryn and Loveless, Matthew},
  Journal                  = {Journal of {E}uropean Public Policy},
  Year                     = {2017},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {1069--1089},
  Volume                   = {24},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{sinnott2006evaluation,
  Title                    = {An Evaluation of the Measurement of National, Subnational and Supranational Identity in Crossnational Surveys},
  Author                   = {Sinnott, Richard},
  Journal                  = {International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {211--223},
  Volume                   = {18},

  Publisher                = {WAPOR}
}

@article{Siroky17,
  title={Inside irredentism: a global empirical analysis},
  author={Siroky, David S and Hale, Christopher W},
  journal={American Journal of Political Science},
  volume={61},
  number={1},
  pages={117--128},
  year={2017}
}

@Article{sletto2002boundary,
  Title                    = {Boundary Making and Regional Identities in a Globalized Environment: Rebordering the Nariva Swamp Trinidad},
  Author                   = {Sletto, Bjorn},
  Journal                  = {Environment and Planning D},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {183--208},
  Volume                   = {20},

  Publisher                = {Pion Ltd}
}

@Book{smith2003,
  Title                    = {Nationalism and Modernism},
  Author                   = {Smith, Anthony D.},
  Publisher                = {Routledge},
  Year                     = {2003}
}

@Book{smith1999,
  Title                    = {Myths and Memories of the Nation},
  Author                   = {Smith, Anthony D.},
  Publisher                = {Oxford University Press,},
  Year                     = {1999},

  Address                  = {Oxford},
  Volume                   = {288}
}

@Article{sobel2002can,
  Title                    = {Can We Trust Social Capital?},
  Author                   = {Sobel, Joel},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Economic Literature},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {139--154},
  Volume                   = {40},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{sorens2004globalization,
  Title                    = {Globalization, Secessionism, and Autonomy},
  Author                   = {Sorens, Jason},
  Journal                  = {Electoral Studies},
  Year                     = {2004},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {727--752},
  Volume                   = {23},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{steinmetz1990local,
  Title                    = {The Local Welfare State: Two Strategies for Social Domination in Urban Imperial {G}ermany},
  Author                   = {Steinmetz, George},
  Journal                  = {American Sociological Review},
  Year                     = {1990},
  Pages                    = {891--911},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@InCollection{Steinmetz1996,
  author       = {Steinmetz, George P.},
  title        = {The Myth of an Autonomous State: Industrialists, Junkers, and Social Policy in Imperial {G}ermany},
  publisher    = {University of Michigan Press},
  year         = {1996},
  pages        = {257-318},
  journaltitle = {Society, culture, and the state in {G}ermany, 1870-1930},
}

@Article{tabellini2010culture,
  Title                    = {Culture and Institutions: Economic Development in the Regions of Europe},
  Author                   = {Tabellini, Guido},
  Journal                  = {Journal of the {E}uropean Economic Association},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {677--716},
  Volume                   = {8},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{tabellini2008presidential,
  Title                    = {Presidential Address Institutions and Culture},
  Author                   = {Tabellini, Guido},
  Journal                  = {Journal of the {E}uropean Economic Association},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {2-3},
  Pages                    = {255-294},
  Volume                   = {6},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{tabellini2008scope,
  Title                    = {The Scope of Cooperation: Values and Incentives},
  Author                   = {Tabellini, Guido and others},
  Journal                  = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {905--950},
  Volume                   = {123},

  Publisher                = {Oxford University Press}
}

@Book{tajfel2010social,
  Title                    = {Social Identity and Intergroup Relations},
  Author                   = {Tajfel, Henri},
  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press},
  Year                     = {2010}
}

@Article{tajfel1971social,
  Title                    = {Social Categorization and Intergroup Behaviour},
  Author                   = {Tajfel, Henri and Billig, Michael G. and Bundy, Robert P. and Flament, Claude},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Journal of Social Psychology},
  Year                     = {1971},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {149--178},
  Volume                   = {1},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{takeshi1997japanese,
  Title                    = {Japanese Colonial Education in Taiwan 1895-1922: Precepts and Practices of Control},
  Author                   = {Takeshi, Komagome and Mangan, James Anthony},
  Journal                  = {History of Education},
  Year                     = {1997},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {307--322},
  Volume                   = {26},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{tatham2013paradiplomats,
  Title                    = {Paradiplomats Against the State Explaining Conflict in State and Substate Interest Representation in Brussels},
  Author                   = {Tatham, Micha{\"e}l},
  Journal                  = {Comparative Political Studies},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {63--94},
  Volume                   = {46},

  Publisher                = {SAGE Publications}
}

@Article{tatham2010,
  Title                    = {"With or without you"? Revisiting territorial state-bypassing in EU interest representation},
  Author                   = {Tatham, Micha{\"e}l},
  Journal                  = {Journal of {E}uropean Public Policy},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {76--99},
  Volume                   = {17},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{tatham2008,
  Title                    = {Going Solo: Direct Regional Representation in the {E}uropean Union},
  Author                   = {Tatham, Micha{\"e}l},
  Journal                  = {Regional \& Federal Studies},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {493--515},
  Volume                   = {18},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{thaler2001fluid,
  Title                    = {Fluid Identities in Central {E}uropean Borderlands},
  Author                   = {Thaler, Peter},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean History Quarterly},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {519--548},
  Volume                   = {31},

  Publisher                = {Sage Publications}
}

@Article{ther2013regionalism,
  Title                    = {Regionalism and Border Regions in Modern Europe. The Case of Upper Silesia in Context},
  Author                   = {Ther, Philipp},
  Journal                  = {Studies on National Movements},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {17--49},
  Volume                   = {1}
}

@Book{tilly1978mobilization,
  Title                    = {From Mobilization to Revolution},
  Author                   = {Tilly, Charles},
  Publisher                = {McGraw-Hill New York},
  Year                     = {1978}
}

@Article{tilly1975,
  Title                    = {Reflections on the History of {E}uropean State-making},
  Author                   = {Tilly, Charles},
  Journal                  = {The Formation of National States in Western Europe},
  Year                     = {1975},
  Volume                   = {38},

  Publisher                = {Princeton}
}

@Article{tsurumi1979education,
  Title                    = {Education and Assimilation in Taiwan under Japanese Rule, 1895-1945},
  Author                   = {Tsurumi, E. Patricia},
  Journal                  = {Modern Asian Studies},
  Year                     = {1979},
  Number                   = {04},
  Pages                    = {617--641},
  Volume                   = {13},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge Univ Press}
}

@Article{turchin2008arise,
  Title                    = {Arise 'Cliodynamics'},
  Author                   = {Turchin, Peter},
  Journal                  = {Nature},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {7200},
  Pages                    = {34--35},
  Volume                   = {454},

  Publisher                = {Nature Publishing Group}
}

@Article{turner1982towards,
  Title                    = {Towards a Cognitive Redefinition of the Social Group},
  Author                   = {Turner, John C},
  Journal                  = {Social Identity and Intergroup Relations},
  Year                     = {1982},
  Pages                    = {15--40},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press Cambridge (UK)}
}

@Article{turner1979social,
  Title                    = {Social Comparison and Group Interest in Ingroup Favouritism},
  Author                   = {Turner, John C and Brown, Rupert J and Tajfel, Henri},
  Journal                  = {{E}uropean Journal of Social Psychology},
  Year                     = {1979},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {187--204},
  Volume                   = {9},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{uhlaner1989political,
  Title                    = {Political Participation of Ethnic Minorities in the 1980s},
  Author                   = {Uhlaner, Carole J. and Cain, Bruce E. and Kiewiet, D. Roderick},
  Journal                  = {Political Behavior},
  Year                     = {1989},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {195--231},
  Volume                   = {11},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Article{vajta2013linguistic,
  Title                    = {Linguistic, Religious and National Loyalties in {A}lsace},
  Author                   = {Vajta, Katharina},
  Journal                  = {International Journal of the Sociology of Language},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {220},
  Pages                    = {109--125},
  Volume                   = {2013}
}

@Article{houten2007regionalist,
  Title                    = {Regionalist Challenges to {E}uropean States: A Quantitative Assessment},
  Author                   = {Van Houten, Pieter},
  Journal                  = {Ethnopolitics},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {545--568},
  Volume                   = {6},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{Vallier18,
  title={Exit, Voice, and Public Reason},
  author={Vallier, Kevin},
  journal={American Political Science Review},
  volume={112},
  number={4},
  pages={1120--1124},
  year={2018}
}

@Article{varley2005national,
  Title                    = {National Identity, Local Memory and the 'Cult' of Belfort in Franco-Prussian War Commemorations, 1870-1914},
  Author                   = {Varley, Karine},
  Journal                  = {Nottingham French Studies},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {44},
  Pages                    = {38--49},
  Volume                   = {1},

  Publisher                = {Edinburgh University Press 22 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LF UK}
}

@Article{vassilev2002bulgaria,
  Title                    = {Bulgaria's Ethnic Problems},
  Author                   = {Vassilev, Rossen V.},
  Journal                  = {East {E}uropean Quarterly},
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {103},
  Volume                   = {36},

  Publisher                = {East {E}uropean Quarterly}
}

@Article{vassilev2001post,
  Title                    = {Post-communist Bulgaria's Ethnopolitics},
  Author                   = {Vassilev, Rossen V.},
  Journal                  = {The Global Review of Ethnopolitics},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {37--53},
  Volume                   = {1},

  Publisher                = {Taylor \& Francis}
}

@Article{vaubel2013secession,
  Title                    = {Secession in the {E}uropean Union},
  Author                   = {Vaubel, Roland},
  Journal                  = {Economic Affairs},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {288--302},
  Volume                   = {33},

  Publisher                = {Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{vickers1999asian,
  Title                    = {Asian Values in Indonesia? National and Regional Identities},
  Author                   = {Vickers, Adrian and Fisher, Lyn},
  Journal                  = {SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Pages                    = {382--401},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Book{vizetelly2009true,
  Title                    = {The True Story of {A}lsace-{L}orraine},
  Author                   = {Vizetelly, Ernest Alfred},
  Publisher                = {BiblioBazaar, LLC},
  Year                     = {2009}
}

@Article{vlachos2016,
  Title                    = {Inglorious Wars and Political Radicalisation},
  Author                   = {Stephanos Vlachos},
  Journal                  = {mimeo},
  Year                     = {2017},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2016.06.17}
}

@Article{voigtlander2012persecution,
  Title                    = {Persecution Perpetuated: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Semitic Violence in Nazi {G}ermany},
  Author                   = {Voigtl{\"a}nder, Nico and Voth, Hans-Joachim},
  Journal                  = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {1339--1392},
  Volume                   = {127},

  Publisher                = {MIT Press}
}

@Book{wawro2005franco,
  Title                    = {The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of {F}rance in 1870-1871},
  Author                   = {Wawro, Geoffrey},
  Publisher                = {Cambridge: Cambridge University Press},
  Year                     = {2005},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2015.10.23}
}

@Book{Weber1979,
  Title                    = {Peasants into Frenchmen: Modernization of Rural {F}rance, 1870-1914.},
  Author                   = {Weber, Eugen},
  Publisher                = {Chatto and Windus},
  Year                     = {1979},

  Address                  = {London},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2015.10.24}
}

@Article{wendt1994collective,
  author    = {Wendt, Alexander},
  title     = {Collective Identity Formation and the International State},
  journal   = {American Political Science Review},
  year      = {1994},
  volume    = {88},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {384--396},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Book{wetzel2003duel,
  Title                    = {A Duel of Giants: Bismarck, Napoleon III, and the Origins of the Franco-Prussian War},
  Author                   = {Wetzel, David},
  Publisher                = {Univ of Wisconsin Press},
  Year                     = {2003},

  Owner                    = {gehring},
  Timestamp                = {2015.10.23}
}

@Article{wittman1991nations,
  Title                    = {Nations and States: Mergers and Acquisitions; Dissolutions and Divorce},
  Author                   = {Wittman, Donald},
  Journal                  = {The American Economic Review},
  Year                     = {1991},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {126--129},
  Volume                   = {81},

  Publisher                = {JSTOR}
}

@Article{woolcock1998social,
  Title                    = {Social Capital and Economic Development: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis and Policy Framework},
  Author                   = {Woolcock, Michael},
  Journal                  = {Theory and Society},
  Year                     = {1998},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {151--208},
  Volume                   = {27},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Article{woolcock2000social,
  Title                    = {Social Capital: Implications for Development Theory, Research, and Policy},
  Author                   = {Woolcock, Michael and Narayan, Deepa},
  Journal                  = {The World Bank Research Observer},
  Year                     = {2000},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {225--249},
  Volume                   = {15},

  Publisher                = {World Bank}
}

@article{Wratil2019,
  title={Territorial representation and the opinion--policy linkage: evidence from the European Union},
  author={Wratil, Christopher},
  journal={American Journal of Political Science},
  volume={63},
  number={1},
  pages={197--211},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@Article{Algan2010,
  Title                    = {Inherited Trust and Growth},
  Author                   = {Yann Algan, Pierre Cahuc},
  Journal                  = {The American Economic Review},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {2060-2092},
  Volume                   = {100},

  Abstract                 = {This paper develops a new method to uncover the causal effect of trust on economic growth by focusing on the inherited component of trust and its time variation. We show that inherited trust of descendants of US immigrants is significantly influenced by the country of origin and the timing of arrival of their forebears. We thus use the inherited trust of descendants of US immigrants as a time-varying measure of inherited trust in their country of origin. This strategy allows to identify the sizeable causal impact of inherited trust on worldwide growth during the twentieth century by controlling for country fixed effects.},
  ISSN                     = {00028282},
  Publisher                = {American Economic Association},
  Url                      = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/41038755}
}

@Article{zurn2005getting,
  Title                    = {Getting socialized to build bridges: constructivism and rationalism, Europe and the nation-state},
  Author                   = {Z{\"u}rn, Michael and Checkel, Jeffrey T},
  Journal                  = {{I}nternational {O}rganization},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {1045--1079},
  Volume                   = {59},

  Publisher                = {Cambridge University Press}
}

@Article{Benjamin2013,
  author      = {Benjamin, Daniel J and Choi, James J and Fisher, Geoffrey W},
  title       = {Religious Identity and Economic Behavior},
  journal     = {NBER Working Paper No. 15925},
  year        = {2016},
  abstract    = {We randomly vary religious identity salience in laboratory subjects to test how identity effects
contribute to the impact of religion on economic behavior. We find that religious identity
salience causes Protestants to increase contributions to public goods. Catholics decrease
contributions to public goods, expect others to contribute less to public goods, and become less
risk averse. Jews more strongly reciprocate as an employee in a bilateral labor market giftexchange
game. Atheists and agnostics become less risk averse. We find no evidence of religious
identity-salience effects on disutility of work effort, discount rates, or generosity in a dictator
game.},
  institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
}

@Article{Pevehouse2006,
  author    = {Pevehouse, Jon and Russett, Bruce},
  title     = {Democratic International Governmental Organizations Promote Peace},
  journal   = {{I}nternational {O}rganization},
  year      = {2006},
  volume    = {60},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {969--1000},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{SchneiderRio2019,
  author  = {Christina J. Schneider.},
  title   = {Sources of Government Accountability in the {{E}uropean Union}. Evidence from {G}ermany},
  journal = {The Review of {I}nternational {O}rganizations (forthcoming)},
  year    = {2019},
}

@Article{schneider2017political,
  author    = {Schneider, Christina J},
  title     = {The Political Economy of Regional Integration},
  journal   = {Annual Review of Political Science},
  year      = {2017},
  volume    = {20},
  pages     = {229--248},
  publisher = {Annual Reviews},
}

@Article{Schneider2014Domestic,
  author   = {Schneider, Christina J.},
  title    = {Domestic Politics and the Widening-Deepening Trade-Off in the {{E}uropean Union}},
  journal  = {Journal of {E}uropean Public Policy},
  year     = {2014},
  volume   = {21},
  number   = {5},
  pages    = {699-712},
  language = {English},
}

@Article{Schneider2013,
  author   = {Christina J. Schneider},
  title    = {Globalizing Electoral Politics: Political Competence and Distributional Bargaining in the {{E}uropean Union}},
  journal  = {World Politics},
  year     = {2013},
  volume   = {65},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {452-490},
  language = {English},
}

@Article{mazumder2018,
  author  = {Mazumder, Shom},
  title   = {Becoming White: How Mass Warfare Turned Immigrants into {A}mericans},
  journal = {mimeo},
  year    = {2018},
}

@Article{foukamazumdertabellini2018,
  author  = {Fouka, Vasiliki and Mazumder, Soumyajit and Tabellini, Marco},
  title   = {From Immigrants to {A}mericans: Race and Assimilation during the Great Migration},
  journal = {mimeo},
  year    = {2018},
}

@Article{blais2006affects,
  author    = {Blais, Andr{\'e}},
  title     = {What Affects Voter Turnout?},
  journal   = {Annual Revue of Political Science},
  year      = {2006},
  volume    = {9},
  pages     = {111--125},
  publisher = {Annual Reviews},
}

@Article{green2013field,
  author    = {Green, Donald P and McGrath, Mary C and Aronow, Peter M},
  title     = {Field Experiments and the Study of Voter Turnout},
  journal   = {Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties},
  year      = {2013},
  volume    = {23},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {27--48},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
}

@Article{hoboltEUSupport2016,
  author   = {Hobolt, Sara B. and de Vries, Catherine E.},
  journal  = {Annual Review of Political Science},
  title    = {Public Support for {E}uropean Integration},
  year     = {2016},
  number   = {1},
  pages    = {413-432},
  volume   = {19},
  abstract = {Public opinion is increasingly at the heart of both political and scholarly debates on {E}uropean integration. This article reviews the large literature on public support for, and opposition to, {E}uropean integration, focusing on conceptualization, causes, and consequences: What is public support for {E}uropean integration? How can we explain variation in support and Euroskepticism? What are the consequences of public support for elections and policy making in the {E}uropean Union? The review reveals that although a growing literature has sought to explain individual support for {E}uropean integration, more work is needed to understand the ways in which opinions are shaped by their national context and how increasing public contestation of the {E}uropean Union poses a challenge to, and an opportunity for, the future of the integration project.},
  doi      = {10.1146/annurev-polisci-042214-044157},
  eprint   = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-042214-044157},
  url      = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-042214-044157},
}

@Article{GehringSchneider2016,
  author  = {Gehring, Kai and Schneider, Stephan A.},
  journal = {American Economic Journal: Economic Policy},
  title   = {Towards the Greater Good? {EU} Commissioners' Nationality and Budget Allocation in the {{E}uropean Union}},
  year    = {2018},
  number  = {1},
  pages   = {214-39},
  volume  = {10},
  doi     = {10.1257/pol.20160038},
  groups  = {gehring:6},
  url     = {http://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20160038},
}

@Article{ciaglia2018feeling,
  author      = {Ciaglia, Sarah and Fuest, Clemens and Heinemann, Friedrich},
  title       = {What a feeling?! {H}ow to promote {E}uropean Identity},
  journal     = {EconPol Policy Report},
  year        = {2018},
  institution = {ifo Institute-Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of~…},
}

@Article{gabel1998public,
  author    = {Gabel, Matthew},
  title     = {Public Support for {E}uropean Integration: An Empirical Test of Five Theories},
  journal   = {The Journal of Politics},
  year      = {1998},
  volume    = {60},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {333--354},
  publisher = {University of Texas Press},
}

@Article{hooghe2004does,
  author    = {Hooghe, Liesbet and Marks, Gary},
  title     = {Does Identity or Economic Rationality Drive Public Opinion on {E}uropean Integration?},
  journal   = {PS: Political Science \& Politics},
  year      = {2004},
  volume    = {37},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {415--420},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Book{marks2004european,
  title     = {{E}uropean Integration and Political Conflict},
  publisher = {Cambridge: Cambridge University Press},
  year      = {2004},
  author    = {Marks, Gary and Steenbergen, Marco R},
}

@Article{hooghe2005calculation,
  author    = {Hooghe, Liesbet and Marks, Gary},
  title     = {Calculation, Community and Cues: Public Opinion on {E}uropean Integration},
  journal   = {{E}uropean Union Politics},
  year      = {2005},
  volume    = {6},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {419--443},
  publisher = {Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA},
}

@Article{buscha2017can,
  author    = {Buscha, Franz and Muller, Daniel and Page, Lionel},
  title     = {Can a Common Currency Foster a Shared Social Identity Across Different Nations? {T}he Case of the {E}uro},
  journal   = {{E}uropean Economic Review},
  year      = {2017},
  volume    = {100},
  pages     = {318--336},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
}

@Article{dehdarigehring2018origins,
  author      = {Dehdari, Sirus H. and Gehring, Kai},
  title       = {The Origins of Common Identity: Evidence from {A}lsace-{L}orraine},
  journal     = {CESifo Working Paper No. 7410},
  year        = {2018},
  institution = {CESifo Working Paper},
}

@Misc{Volkens2018,
  author = {Volkens, Andrea and Krause, Werner and Lehmann, Pola and Matthiess, Theres and Merz, Nicolas and Regel, Sven and Wessels, Bernhard},
  title  = {The Manifesto Data Collection. Version 2018b.},
  year   = {2018},
  note   = {Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB).},
  groups = {Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB)},
  url    = {https://doi.org/10.25522/manifesto.mpds.2018b},
}

@Book{posner2005institutions,
  title     = {Institutions and Ethnic Politics in {Africa}},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year      = {2005},
  author    = {Posner, Daniel N.},
}

@Article{sanchez2000political,
  author    = {S{\'a}nchez-Cuenca, Ignacio},
  title     = {The Political Basis of Support for {{E}uropean} Integration},
  journal   = {{E}uropean Union Politics},
  year      = {2000},
  volume    = {1},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {147--171},
  publisher = {SAGE Publications},
}

@Article{schakel2018rethinking,
  author    = {Schakel, Arjan H},
  title     = {Rethinking {{E}uropean} Elections: The Importance of Regional Spillover Into the {{E}uropean} Electoral Arena},
  journal   = {JCMS: {J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  year      = {2018},
  volume    = {56},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {687--705},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
}

@Article{eifert2010political,
  author    = {Eifert, Benn and Miguel, Edward and Posner, Daniel N},
  title     = {Political Competition and Ethnic Identification in {Africa}},
  journal   = {American Journal of Political Science},
  year      = {2010},
  volume    = {54},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {494--510},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
}

@Article{fouka2017,
  author      = {Fouka, Vasiliki},
  title       = {How do Immigrants Respond to Discrimination? {T}he Case of {G}ermans in the {US} During {World War I}},
  journal     = {American Political Science Review},
  year        = {2019},
  volume      = {113},
  number      = {2},
  pages       = {405-422},
  institution = {Mimeo},
}

@Article{SchneiderJOP2019,
  author  = {Schneider, Christina J.},
  title   = {Public Commitments as Signals of Responsiveness in the {{E}uropean Union}},
  journal = {Journal of Politics, forthcoming},
  year    = {2019},
}

@Book{alter2010establishing,
  title     = {Establishing the Supremacy of {{E}uropean} Law: The Making of an International Rule of Law in {Europe}},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year      = {2010},
  author    = {Alter, Karen},
}

@Article{caldeira1995legitimacy,
  author    = {Caldeira, Gregory A and Gibson, James L},
  title     = {The Legitimacy of the {Court of Justice} in the {{E}uropean Union}: Models of Institutional Support},
  journal   = {American Political Science Review},
  year      = {1995},
  volume    = {89},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {356--376},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{mattli1995law,
  author    = {Mattli, Walter and Slaughter, Anne-Marie},
  title     = {Law and Politics in the {{E}uropean Union}: A Reply to {G}arrett},
  journal   = {{I}nternational {O}rganization},
  year      = {1995},
  volume    = {49},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {183},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{garrett1995politics,
  author    = {Garrett, Geoffrey},
  title     = {The Politics of Legal Integration in the {{E}uropean Union}},
  journal   = {{I}nternational {O}rganization},
  year      = {1995},
  volume    = {49},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {171--181},
  publisher = {JSTOR},
}

@Article{sweet2012european,
  author  = {Sweet, Alec Stone and Brunell, Thomas},
  title   = {The {E}uropean Court of Justice, State Noncompliance, and the Politics of Override},
  journal = {American Political Science Review},
  year    = {2012},
  volume  = {106},
  number  = {1},
}

@Article{treib2014,
  author    = {Oliver Treib},
  journal   = {Journal of {E}uropean Public Policy},
  title     = {The voter says no, but nobody listens: causes and consequences of the {E}urosceptic vote in the 2014 {E}uropean elections},
  year      = {2014},
  number    = {10},
  pages     = {1541-1554},
  volume    = {21},
  abstract  = {ABSTRACTThe 2014 {E}uropean Parliament elections saw an unprecedented surge of support for {E}urosceptic parties. This article provides an overview of the ideologically highly diverse {E}urosceptic camp in the {E}uropean Parliament and addresses the causes and consequences of the {E}urosceptic vote. Based on an analysis of aggregate election results and opinion-poll data, it argues that the electoral success of {E}urosceptic parties cannot be dismissed as a mere protest vote against unpopular governments. Instead, fundamental worries about the effects of {E}uropean Union (EU) policies and dissatisfaction with mainstream politics lie at the heart of the {E}urosceptic success. The selection of Jean-Claude Juncker as President of the Commission, backed by overwhelming majorities in the {E}uropean Council and the {E}uropean Parliament, suggests that {E}urosceptics, despite their considerable electoral support, will continue to be excluded from the EU's corridors of power. This strategy of exclusion provides the ideal breeding ground for an even stronger {E}urosceptic backlash in five years' time.},
  doi       = {10.1080/13501763.2014.941534},
  eprint    = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.941534},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.941534},
}

@Article{spanjeeurosceptic2011,
  author   = {Joost van Spanje and Claes de Vreese},
  journal  = {{E}uropean Union Politics},
  title    = {So what’s wrong with the {EU}? {M}otivations underlying the {E}urosceptic vote in the 2009 {{E}uropean} elections},
  year     = {2011},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {405-429},
  volume   = {12},
  abstract = {In recent decades, ordinary {E}uropean Union (EU) citizens have been able to express their opinion on the course of the {E}uropean project on several occasions. Judging from electoral outcomes, there is quite some {E}uroscepticism among them. What motivations underlie the {E}urosceptic vote? Using an extended and comprehensive multidimensional measure of EU attitudes, we investigate which specific attitudes and issue positions were conducive to {E}urosceptic voting in the 2009 {E}uropean Parliament elections. Based on a voter survey in 21 countries, we conclude that concerns about the EU’s ‘democratic deficit’, low perceived utility of the EU for the country, negative affection towards the EU, opposition to EU integration, and an absence of EU identity enhance anti-EU voting. In addition, these effects depend on the dispersion of party positions concerning EU matters, so that the more the parties diverge on EU matters, the stronger the effect becomes of each of the five EU dimensions mentioned on party choice. We conclude by setting these findings in perspective and discussing their implications for the future of the {E}uropean project.},
  doi      = {10.1177/1465116511410750},
  eprint   = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116511410750},
  url      = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116511410750},
}

@Article{posner_2004,
  author    = {Posner, Daniel N.},
  title     = {The Political Salience of Cultural Difference: Why {C}hewas and {T}umbukas Are Allies in {Z}ambia and Adversaries in {M}alawi},
  journal   = {American Political Science Review},
  year      = {2004},
  volume    = {98},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {529–545},
  athor     = {POSNER, DANIEL N.},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0003055404041334},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{fligstein2012european,
  author    = {Fligstein, Neil and Polyakova, Alina and Sandholtz, Wayne},
  title     = {{{E}uropean} Integration, Nationalism and {{E}uropean} Identity},
  journal   = {{J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  year      = {2012},
  volume    = {50},
  pages     = {106--122},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
}

@Book{de2018euroscepticism,
  title     = {{{E}uroscepticism} and the Future of {{E}uropean} Integration},
  publisher = {New York: Oxford University Press},
  year      = {2018},
  author    = {De Vries, Catherine E},
}

@Article{carnegie2018spotlight,
  author    = {Carnegie, Allison and Carson, Austin},
  title     = {The Spotlight's Harsh Glare: Rethinking Publicity and International Order},
  journal   = {{I}nternational {O}rganization},
  year      = {2018},
  volume    = {72},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {627--657},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{carnegie2014states,
  author    = {Carnegie, Allison},
  journal   = {American Political Science Review},
  title     = {States Held Hostage: Political Hold-Up Problems and the Effects of International Institutions},
  year      = {2014},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {54--70},
  volume    = {108},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{rickard2014think,
  author    = {Rickard, Stephanie J and Kono, Daniel Y},
  title     = {Think Globally, buy Locally: International Agreements and Government Procurement},
  journal   = {The Review of {I}nternational {O}rganizations},
  year      = {2014},
  volume    = {9},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {333--352},
  publisher = {Springer},
}

@Article{alabrese2019voted,
  author    = {Alabrese, Eleonora and Becker, Sascha O and Fetzer, Thiemo and Novy, Dennis},
  title     = {Who voted for {Brexit}? Individual and regional data combined},
  journal   = {{E}uropean Journal of Political Economy},
  year      = {2019},
  volume    = {56},
  pages     = {132--150},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
}

@Article{becker_brexit,
  author   = {Becker, Sascha O and Fetzer, Thiemo and Novy, Dennis},
  title    = {{Who Voted for {Brexit}? A Comprehensive District-level Analysis}},
  journal  = {Economic Policy},
  year     = {2017},
  volume   = {32},
  number   = {92},
  pages    = {601-650},
  month    = {10},
  issn     = {0266-4658},
  abstract = {{On 23 June 2016, the British electorate voted to leave the {E}uropean Union (EU). We analyse vote and turnout shares across 380 local authority areas in the United Kingdom. We find that exposure to the EU in terms of immigration and trade provides relatively little explanatory power for the referendum vote. Instead, we find that fundamental characteristics of the voting population were key drivers of the Vote Leave share, in particular their education profiles, their historical dependence on manufacturing employment as well as low income and high unemployment. At the much finer level of wards within cities, we find that areas with deprivation in terms of education, income and employment were more likely to vote Leave. Our results indicate that a higher turnout of younger voters, who were more likely to vote Remain, would not have overturned the referendum result. We also compare our UK results to voting patterns for the far-right leader Marine Le Pen in the 2017 French presidential election. We find similar factors driving the French vote. An out-of-sample prediction of the French vote using UK estimates performs reasonably well.}},
  doi      = {10.1093/epolic/eix012},
  eprint   = {http://oup.prod.sis.lan/economicpolicy/article-pdf/32/92/601/21762463/eix012.pdf},
}

@Article{abbott_keohane_moravcsik_2000,
  author    = {Abbott, Kenneth W. and Keohane, Robert O. and Moravcsik, Andrew and Slaughter, Anne-Marie and Snidal, Duncan},
  title     = {The Concept of Legalization},
  journal   = {{I}nternational {O}rganization},
  year      = {2000},
  volume    = {54},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {401–419},
  doi       = {10.1162/002081800551271},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{capello2018cohesion,
  author    = {Capello, Roberta},
  title     = {Cohesion Policies and the Creation of a {{E}uropean} Identity: The Role of Territorial Identity},
  journal   = {{J}ournal of {C}ommon {M}arket {S}tudies},
  year      = {2018},
  volume    = {56},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {489--503},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
}

@Article{andreadis2013simple,
  author    = {Andreadis, Konstantinos M and Schumann, Guy J-P and Pavelsky, Tamlin},
  title     = {A simple global river bankfull width and depth database},
  journal   = {Water Resources Research},
  year      = {2013},
  volume    = {49},
  number    = {10},
  pages     = {7164--7168},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
}

@Article{klein2011hyde,
  author    = {Klein Goldewijk, Kees and Beusen, Arthur and Van Drecht, Gerard and De Vos, Martine},
  title     = {The HYDE 3.2 spatially explicit database of human-induced global land-use change over the past 12,000 years},
  journal   = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
  year      = {2011},
  volume    = {20},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {73--86},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
}

@Article{Chanut2001,
  author    = {Chanut, Jean-Marie and Heffer, Jean and  Mairesse, Jacques and Postel-Vinay, Gilles},
  title     = {L'industrie fran{\c{c}}aise au milieu du xixe si{\`e}cle. Les enqu{\^e}tes de la Statistique G{\'e}n{\'e}rale de la {F}rance, Paris, Ed. Ehess, 2000, 211 p.+ 1 CD-ROM},
  journal   = {Histoire \& mesure},
  year      = {2001},
  volume    = {16},
  number    = {XVI-3/4},
  pages     = {416--419},
  publisher = {{\'E}ditions de l’EHESS},
}

@Article{calonico2017rdrobust,
  author    = {Calonico, Sebastian and Cattaneo, Matias D and Farrell, Max H and Titiunik, Roc{\'\i}o},
  journal   = {The Stata Journal},
  title     = {rdrobust: Software for Regression-Discontinuity Designs},
  year      = {2017},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {372--404},
  volume    = {17},
  publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA},
}

@Book{communes_2003,
  title     = {Communes d’Hier, Communes d’Aujourd’hui. Les Communes de la {F}rance Métropolitaine, 1801-2001. Dictionnaire d’Histoire Administrative},
  publisher = {Institut National d’Etudes Demographiques},
  year      = {2003},
  author    = {Motte, Claude and Seguy, Isabelle and There, Christine and Tixier-Basse, Dominique},
  address   = {Paris},
}

@InCollection{boix2011war,
  author    = {Boix, Carles and Codenotti, Bruno and Resta, Giovanni},
  title     = {War, Wealth and the Formation of States},
  booktitle = {Political Economy of Institutions, Democracy and Voting},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year      = {2011},
  pages     = {45--74},
  owner     = {gehring},
  timestamp = {2018.03.05},
}

@Article{perret2015roads,
  author    = {Perret, Julien and Gribaudi, Maurizio and Barthelemy, Marc},
  title     = {Roads and Cities of 18th Century {F}rance},
  journal   = {Scientific data},
  year      = {2015},
  volume    = {2},
  number    = {150048},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
}

@Article{mimeur2018revisiting,
  author    = {Mimeur, Christophe and Queyroi, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Banos, Arnaud and Th{\'e}venin, Thomas},
  title     = {Revisiting the Structuring Effect of Transportation Infrastructure: {A}n Empirical Approach with the {F}rench Railway Network from 1860 to 1910},
  journal   = {Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History},
  year      = {2018},
  volume    = {51},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {65--81},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
}

@Book{jolly2015european,
  title     = {The {{E}uropean Union} and the Rise of Regionalist Parties},
  publisher = {Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press},
  year      = {2015},
  author    = {Jolly, Seth K},
}

@Article{foukavoth2016,
  author  = {Fouka, Vasiliki and Voth, Joachim},
  title   = {Collective Remembrance and Private Choice: German-{G}reek Conflict and Consumer Behavior in Times of Crisis},
  journal = {Stanford Center for International Development Working Paper No. 587},
  year    = {2016},
}

@Article{foosbischof2019,
  author  = {Foos, Florian and Bischof, Daniel},
  title   = {Can the tabloid media create {E}urosceptic attitudes? {A} quasi-experiment on media influence in {E}ngland},
  journal = {Mimeo},
  year    = {2019},
}

@Article{grosjean2014conflict,
  author    = {Grosjean, Pauline},
  title     = {Conflict and Social and Political Preferences: Evidence from {World War II} and Civil Conflict in 35 {E}uropean Countries},
  journal   = {Comparative Economic Studies},
  year      = {2014},
  volume    = {56},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {424--451},
  publisher = {Springer},
}

@Article{brewer1999psychology,
  author    = {Brewer, Marilynn B},
  title     = {The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love and Outgroup Hate?},
  journal   = {Journal of Social Issues},
  year      = {1999},
  volume    = {55},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {429--444},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
}

@Article{rozenas_zhukov_2019,
  author    = {Rozenas, Arturas and Zhukov, Yuri M.},
  journal   = {American Political Science Review},
  title     = {Mass Repression and Political Loyalty: Evidence From Stalin’s ‘Terror by Hunger’},
  year      = {2019},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {569–583},
  volume    = {113},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0003055419000066},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{keating2000minority,
  author    = {Keating, Michael},
  title     = {The Minority Nations of {Spain} and {European} Integration: a new Framework for Autonomy?},
  journal   = {Journal of {Spanish} Cultural Studies},
  year      = {2000},
  volume    = {1},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {29--42},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
}

@Book{anderson2006imagined,
  title     = {Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism},
  publisher = {London: Verso books},
  year      = {2006},
  author    = {Anderson, Benedict},
}

@Article{galbreath2012european,
  author    = {Galbreath, David and McEvoy, Joanne},
  title     = {{European} Organizations and Minority Rights in {Europe}: On Transforming the Securitization Dynamic},
  journal   = {Security Dialogue},
  year      = {2012},
  volume    = {43},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {267-284},
  publisher = {Sage Publications Sage UK: London, England},
}

@Article{panara2019europe,
  author    = {Panara, Carlo},
  journal   = {Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law},
  title     = {The ‘{Europe} with the Regions’ Before the {Court of Justice}},
  year      = {2019},
  volume	= {26},
  number	= {2},
  pages		= {271-293},
  
  publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England},
}

@Book{finck2017subnational,
  title     = {Subnational authorities in {EU} Law},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year      = {2017},
  author    = {Finck, Mich{\`e}le},
}

@Book{hooghe2019theory,
  title     = {A Theory of International Organization},
  publisher = {New York: Oxford University Press},
  year      = {2019},
  author    = {Hooghe, Liesbet and Lenz, Tobias and Marks, Gary},
}

@InCollection{dreherpoliticalIO2019,
  author    = {Dreher, Axel and Lang, Valentin F},
  title     = {The Political Economy of International Organizations},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Public Choice, Volume 2},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year      = {2019},
  editor    = {Roger Congleton, Bernard Grofman and Stefan Voigt},
  pages     = {607-652},
}

@Article{mazumder2018persistent,
  author    = {Mazumder, Soumyajit and others},
  title     = {The Persistent Effect of US Civil Rights Protests on Political Attitudes},
  journal   = {American Journal of Political Science},
  year      = {2018},
  volume    = {62},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {922--935},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
}

@Article{sekhon2012natural,
  author    = {Sekhon, Jasjeet S. and Titiunik, Rocio},
  title     = {When Natural Experiments are Neither Natural nor Experiments},
  journal   = {American Political Science Review},
  year      = {2012},
  volume    = {106},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {35--57},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{komisarchik2019political,
  author  = {Komisarchik, Mayya and Sen, Maya and Velez, Yamil R.},
  title   = {The Political Consequences of Ethnically Targeted Incarceration: Evidence from {Japanese-American} Internment During {WWII}},
  journal = {mimeo},
  year    = {2019},
}

@Article{zahra2008minority,
  author    = {Zahra, Tara},
  journal   = {Contemporary European History},
  title     = {The {Minority Problem} and National Classification in the {French} and {Czechoslovak} Borderlands},
  year      = {2008},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {137--165},
  volume    = {17},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@PhdThesis{zanoun2009interwar,
  author = {Zanoun, Louisa},
  school = {LSE},
  title  = {Interwar Politics in a {French} Border Region: The {Moselle} in the Period of the {Popular Front}, 1934-1938},
  year   = {2009},
}

@Article{keele2015geographic,
  author    = {Keele, Luke J and Titiunik, Rocio},
  title     = {Geographic Boundaries as Regression Discontinuities},
  journal   = {Political Analysis},
  year      = {2015},
  volume    = {23},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {127--155},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Book{mylonas2013politics,
  author    = {Mylonas, Harris},
  publisher = {New York: Cambridge University Press},
  title     = {The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-nationals, Refugees, and Minorities},
  year      = {2013},
}

@Book{rodden2006hamilton,
  author    = {Rodden, Jonathan A.},
  publisher = {Newy York: Cambridge University Press},
  title     = {Hamilton's Paradox: The Promise and Peril of Fiscal Federalism},
  year      = {2006},
}

@Article{rodden2004comparative,
  author    = {Rodden, Jonathan},
  title     = {Comparative Federalism and Decentralization: On Meaning and Measurement},
  journal   = {Comparative Politics},
  year      = {2004},
  pages     = {481--500},
  publisher = {JSTOR},
}

@Book{cederman1997emergent,
  author    = {Cederman, Lars-Erik},
  publisher = {New Jersey: Princeton University Press},
  title     = {Emergent Actors in World Politics: How States and Nations Develop and Dissolve},
  year      = {1997},
  volume    = {2},
}

@Article{walter2018noncooperation,
  author    = {Walter, Stefanie and Dinas, Elias and Jurado, Ignacio and Konstantinidis, Nikitas},
  title     = {Noncooperation by Popular Vote: Expectations, Foreign Intervention, and the Vote in the 2015 Greek Bailout Referendum},
  journal   = {International Organization},
  year      = {2018},
  volume    = {72},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {969--994},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Book{hamilton2008federalist,
  title     = {The Federalist Papers},
  publisher = {Oxford: Oxford University Press},
  year      = {1787},
  author    = {Hamilton, Alexander and Madison, James and Jay, John}
}

@Article{Cederman2001,
  author    = {Cederman, Lars-Erik},
  title     = {Back to Kant: Reinterpreting the Democratic Peace as a Macrohistorical Learning Process},
  journal   = {American Political Science Review},
  year      = {2001},
  volume    = {95},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {15--31},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{cederman_weidmann_gleditsch_2011,
  author    = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Weidmann, Nils B. and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede},
  title     = {Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War: A Global Comparison},
  journal   = {American Political Science Review},
  year      = {2011},
  volume    = {105},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {478–495},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0003055411000207},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{cederman_wimmer_min_2010,
  author    = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Wimmer, Andreas and Min, Brian},
  title     = {Why Do Ethnic Groups Rebel? New Data and Analysis},
  journal   = {World Politics},
  year      = {2010},
  volume    = {62},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {87–119},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0043887109990219},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{cederman2007beyond,
  author    = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Girardin, Luc},
  journal   = {American Political Science Review},
  title     = {Beyond Fractionalization: Mapping Ethnicity Onto Nationalist Insurgencies},
  year      = {2007},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {173--185},
  volume    = {101},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@InCollection{Collier2006,
  author    = {Collier, Paul and Hoeffler, Anke},
  booktitle = {Negotiating Self-Determination},
  publisher = {Lexington Books},
  title     = {The Political Economy of Secession},
  year      = {2006},
  address   = {Lanham, Maryland},
  editor    = {Hannum, Hurst and Babbitt, Eileen},
  pages     = {37--59},
  groups    = {gehring:6},
  owner     = {gehring},
  timestamp = {2016.10.12},
}

@Misc{CollierHoeffler2002,
  author       = {Collier, Paul and Hoeffler, Anke},
  title        = {The Political Economy of Secession},
  howpublished = {\url{http://economics.ouls.ox.ac.uk/14454/}},
  year         = {2002},
  type         = {Working Paper},
}

@Article{Dion1996,
  author   = {Dion, Stéphane},
  title    = {Why is Secession Difficult in Well-Established Democracies? Lessons from Quebec},
  journal  = {British Journal of Political Science},
  year     = {1996},
  volume   = {26},
  number   = {2},
  pages    = {269-283},
  issn     = {0007-1234 ; 1469-2112},
  doi      = {10.1017/S0007123400000466},
  language = {English},
  url      = {http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/cgi-bin/edok?dok=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%2Fabstract_S0007123400000466 ; http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/cgi-bin/edok?dok=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F194043 ; http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/cgi-bin/edok?dok=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F1474228685},
}

@Article{MorelliRohner2014,
  author  = {Morelli, Massimo and Rohner, Dominic},
  title   = {Resource Concentration and Civil Wars},
  journal = {Journal of Development Economics},
  year    = {2015},
  number  = {117},
  pages   = {32-47},
}

@Article{MichalopoulosScrumble2106,
  author    = {Michalopoulos, Stelios and Papaioannou, Elias},
  title     = {The Long-run Effects of the Scramble for Africa},
  journal   = {American Economic Review},
  year      = {2016},
  volume    = {106},
  number    = {7},
  pages     = {1802-1848},
  owner     = {gehring},
  timestamp = {2016.01.27},
}

@Article{Dehdari2019,
  author      = {Dehdari, Sirus H. and Gehring, Kai},
  title       = {The Origins of Common Identity: Evidence from {A}lsace-{L}orraine},
  journal     = {CESifo Working Paper No. 7949},
  year        = {2019},
  institution = {CESifo Working Paper},
}

@Article{Cantoni2017,
  author   = {Cantoni, Davide and Chen, Yuyu and Yang, David Y. and Yuchtman, Noam and Zhang, Y. Jane},
  title    = {Curriculum and Ideology},
  journal  = {Journal of Political Economy},
  year     = {2017},
  volume   = {125},
  number   = {2},
  pages    = {338-392},
  abstract = {We study the causal effect of school curricula on students political attitudes, exploiting a major
textbook reform in China between 2004 and 2010. The sharp, staggered introduction of the new
curriculum across provinces allows us to identify its causal effects. We examine government
documents articulating desired consequences of the reform, and identify changes in textbooks
reflecting these aims. A survey we conducted reveals that the reform was often successful
in shaping attitudes, while evidence on behavior is mixed. Studying the new curriculum led
to more positive views of Chinas governance, changed views on democracy, and increased
skepticism toward free markets.},
}

@Article{fouka2016,
  author      = {Fouka, Vasiliki},
  title       = {Backlash: The Unintended Effects of Language Prohibition in {US} Schools After {World War I}},
  journal     = {Review of Economic Studies},
  year        = {2020},
  volume      = {87},
  number      = {1},
  pages       = {204–239},
  institution = {Universitat Pompeu Fabra},
}

@Book{hirschman1970exit,
  title     = {Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States},
  publisher = {England: Harvard University Press},
  year      = {1970},
  author    = {Hirschman, Albert O},
  volume    = {25},
}

@Article{dreher2009imf,
  author    = {Dreher, Axel},
  title     = {IMF Conditionality: Theory and Evidence},
  journal   = {Public Choice},
  year      = {2009},
  volume    = {141},
  number    = {1-2},
  pages     = {233--267},
  publisher = {Springer},
}

@Article{dreher2004public,
  author    = {Dreher, Axel},
  title     = {A Public Choice Perspective of {IMF} and {World Bank} Lending and Conditionality},
  journal   = {Public Choice},
  year      = {2004},
  volume    = {119},
  number    = {3-4},
  pages     = {445--464},
  publisher = {Springer},
}

@Article{carnegie_samii_2019,
  author    = {Carnegie, Allison and Samii, Cyrus},
  title     = {International Institutions and Political Liberalization: Evidence from the World Bank Loans Program},
  journal   = {British Journal of Political Science},
  year      = {2019},
  volume    = {49},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {1357–1379},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0007123417000187},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{brubaker1998myths,
  author    = {Brubaker, Rogers},
  title     = {Myths and Misconceptions in the Study of Nationalism},
  year      = {1998},
  publisher = {Los Angeles: UCLA Center for European and Russian Studies},
}

@InBook{Brubaker1998,
  chapter   = {Myths and Misconceptions in the Study of Nationalism},
  pages     = {272-306},
  title     = {The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism},
  publisher = {Cambridge: Cambridge University Press},
  year      = {1998},
  author    = {Brubaker, Rogers},
  editor    = {John Mall},
}

@Article{brubaker2010charles,
  author    = {Brubaker, Rogers},
  title     = {Charles Tilly as a Theorist of Nationalism},
  journal   = {The American Sociologist},
  year      = {2010},
  volume    = {41},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {375--381},
  publisher = {Springer},
}

@Article{rokkan1971nation,
  author    = {Rokkan, Stein},
  journal   = {Current Sociology},
  title     = {Nation-Building: A Review of Models and Approaches},
  year      = {1971},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {7--38},
  volume    = {19},
  publisher = {Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA},
}

@Article{rokkan1969models,
  author    = {Rokkan, Stein},
  title     = {Models and Methods in the Comparative Study of Nation-building},
  journal   = {Acta Sociologica},
  year      = {1969},
  volume    = {12},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {53--73},
  publisher = {Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA},
}

@Article{tilly1994states,
  author    = {Tilly, Charles},
  title     = {States and Nationalism in {Europe} 1492-1992},
  journal   = {Theory and society},
  year      = {1994},
  pages     = {131--146},
  publisher = {JSTOR},
}

@Article{tilly1996state,
  author    = {Tilly, Charles},
  title     = {The State of Nationalism},
  journal   = {Critical Review},
  year      = {1996},
  volume    = {10},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {299--306},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
}

@Article{tilly1995citizenship,
  author    = {Tilly, Charles},
  title     = {Citizenship, Identity and Social History},
  journal   = {International Review of Social History},
  year      = {1995},
  volume    = {40},
  number    = {S3},
  pages     = {1--17},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
}

@Article{birchler2016aid,
  author    = {Birchler, Kassandra and Limpach, Sophia and Michaelowa, Katharina},
  title     = {Aid Modalities Matter: The Impact of Different {World Bank} and {IMF} Programs on Democratization in Developing Countries},
  journal   = {International Studies Quarterly},
  year      = {2016},
  volume    = {60},
  number    = {3},
  pages     = {427--439},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
}

@Book{rokkan1999state,
  author    = {Rokkan, Stein},
  editor    = {Peter Flora, Stein Kuhnle, and Derek Urwin},
  publisher = {New York: Oxford University Press},
  title     = {State Formation, Nation-Building, and Mass Politics in {Europe}: The Theory of {Stein Rokkan}},
  year      = {1999},
}

@Book{nisbett2018culture,
  title     = {Culture of Honor: The Psychology of Violence in the South},
  publisher = {New York: Routledge},
  year      = {2018},
  author    = {Nisbett, Richard E},
}

@Article{Acharya2016,
  author   = {Acharya, Avidit and Blackwell, Matthew and Sen, Maya},
  title    = {The Political Legacy of American Slavery},
  journal  = {The Journal of Politics},
  year     = {2016},
  volume   = {78},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {621-641},
  abstract = { We show that contemporary differences in political attitudes across counties in the American South in part trace their origins to slavery’s prevalence more than 150 years ago. Whites who currently live in Southern counties that had high shares of slaves in 1860 are more likely to identify as a Republican, oppose affirmative action, and express racial resentment and colder feelings toward blacks. We show that these results cannot be explained by existing theories, including the theory of contemporary racial threat. To explain the results, we offer evidence for a new theory involving the historical persistence of political attitudes. Following the Civil War, Southern whites faced political and economic incentives to reinforce existing racist norms and institutions to maintain control over the newly freed African American population. This amplified local differences in racially conservative political attitudes, which in turn have been passed down locally across generations. },
  doi      = {10.1086/686631},
  eprint   = {https://doi.org/10.1086/686631},
  url      = { 
        https://doi.org/10.1086/686631
    
},
}

@Article{dreher2017information,
  author    = {Dreher, Axel and Gehring, Kai and Kotsogiannis, Christos and Marchesi, Silvia},
  title     = {Information Transmission Within Federal Fiscal Architectures: Theory and Evidence},
  journal   = {Oxford Economic Papers},
  year      = {2017},
  volume    = {70},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {243--265},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
}

@Article{Gehring2018,
  author  = {Gehring, Kai and Schneider, Stephan A.},
  title   = {Towards the Greater Good? {EU} Commissioners' Nationality and Budget Allocation in the {{E}uropean Union}},
  journal = {American Economic Journal: Economic Policy},
  year    = {2018},
  volume  = {10},
  number  = {1},
  pages   = {214-39},
  doi     = {10.1257/pol.20160038},
  groups  = {gehring:6},
  url     = {http://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20160038},
}

@Article{Gehring_russiathreat2020,
  author  = {Gehring, Kai},
  title   = {External Threat, Group Identity, and Support for Common Policies – The Effect of the Russian Invasion in Ukraine on European Union Identity},
  journal = {CESifo Working Paper No. 8061},
  year    = {2020},
}

@Article{gehring2020stigma,
  author    = {Gehring, Kai and Lang, Valentin},
  title     = {Stigma or Cushion? IMF Programs and Sovereign Creditworthiness},
  journal   = {Journal of Development Economics},
  year      = {2020},
  volume	= {146},
  number     = {102507},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
}

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